Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates

Background: To investigate the factors that influence blood transfusions after neonatal cardiac surgery and their association with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) to provide a basis for optimizing blood transfusion strategies....

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Main Authors: Yansong Zuo, Han Zhang, Lizhi Lv, Gang Li, Ju Zhao, Qiang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2025-06-01
Series:Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM36566
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author Yansong Zuo
Han Zhang
Lizhi Lv
Gang Li
Ju Zhao
Qiang Wang
author_facet Yansong Zuo
Han Zhang
Lizhi Lv
Gang Li
Ju Zhao
Qiang Wang
author_sort Yansong Zuo
collection DOAJ
description Background: To investigate the factors that influence blood transfusions after neonatal cardiac surgery and their association with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) to provide a basis for optimizing blood transfusion strategies. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 202 neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Demographic data, preoperative parameters (body weight, hemoglobin, Risk-Adjusted Classification of Congenital Heart Surgery 1 (RACHS-1) score), intraoperative data (CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA)), and transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrate (PC) within 48 hours after surgery were collected. PMV was defined as mechanical ventilation ≥96 hours after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for PMV, and the dose–response relationship between transfusion volume and PMV was evaluated by restricted cubic splines (RCSs). Results: Within 48 hours postoperation, 50.00% of patients were transfused with RBCs, 37.62% were transfused with FFP, and 27.72% were transfused with PC. The PMV incidence was 36.63% in patients with lower body weight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.74; p = 0.005), lower preoperative hemoglobin (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p = 0.041), and a RACHS-1 score of 4 (OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.04–6.27; p = 0.040), and RBCs (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.02–4.00; p = 0.043), and FFP infusion (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02–3.85; p = 0.043) were independent risk factors. The RCS demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship between the volume of RBCs infused and PMV (p nonlinear = 0.668), whereas there was no association for FFP. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with PMV (14 days vs. 8 days) and the hospitalization (18 days vs. 13 days) were significantly longer (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Blood transfusion after neonatal cardiac surgery is an important controllable risk factor for the development of PMV, and its risk increases linearly with the volume of RBC transfusion. Future multicenter prospective studies are needed to validate the causal association further.
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spelling doaj-art-aff6549b0bde404a887781885caf10f62025-08-20T03:33:07ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502025-06-012663656610.31083/RCM36566S1530-6550(25)01816-2Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in NeonatesYansong Zuo0Han Zhang1Lizhi Lv2Gang Li3Ju Zhao4Qiang Wang5Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaBackground: To investigate the factors that influence blood transfusions after neonatal cardiac surgery and their association with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) to provide a basis for optimizing blood transfusion strategies. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 202 neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Demographic data, preoperative parameters (body weight, hemoglobin, Risk-Adjusted Classification of Congenital Heart Surgery 1 (RACHS-1) score), intraoperative data (CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA)), and transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrate (PC) within 48 hours after surgery were collected. PMV was defined as mechanical ventilation ≥96 hours after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for PMV, and the dose–response relationship between transfusion volume and PMV was evaluated by restricted cubic splines (RCSs). Results: Within 48 hours postoperation, 50.00% of patients were transfused with RBCs, 37.62% were transfused with FFP, and 27.72% were transfused with PC. The PMV incidence was 36.63% in patients with lower body weight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.74; p = 0.005), lower preoperative hemoglobin (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p = 0.041), and a RACHS-1 score of 4 (OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.04–6.27; p = 0.040), and RBCs (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.02–4.00; p = 0.043), and FFP infusion (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02–3.85; p = 0.043) were independent risk factors. The RCS demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship between the volume of RBCs infused and PMV (p nonlinear = 0.668), whereas there was no association for FFP. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with PMV (14 days vs. 8 days) and the hospitalization (18 days vs. 13 days) were significantly longer (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Blood transfusion after neonatal cardiac surgery is an important controllable risk factor for the development of PMV, and its risk increases linearly with the volume of RBC transfusion. Future multicenter prospective studies are needed to validate the causal association further.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM36566blood transfusionneonatecardiac surgerymechanical ventilation
spellingShingle Yansong Zuo
Han Zhang
Lizhi Lv
Gang Li
Ju Zhao
Qiang Wang
Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
blood transfusion
neonate
cardiac surgery
mechanical ventilation
title Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
title_full Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
title_fullStr Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
title_full_unstemmed Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
title_short Blood Transfusions are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery in Neonates
title_sort blood transfusions are associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery in neonates
topic blood transfusion
neonate
cardiac surgery
mechanical ventilation
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM36566
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AT lizhilv bloodtransfusionsareassociatedwithprolongedmechanicalventilationfollowingcardiacsurgeryinneonates
AT gangli bloodtransfusionsareassociatedwithprolongedmechanicalventilationfollowingcardiacsurgeryinneonates
AT juzhao bloodtransfusionsareassociatedwithprolongedmechanicalventilationfollowingcardiacsurgeryinneonates
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