Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Abstract The basic forms of motor and possibly emotion replication include behavioral contagion and rapid motor mimicry (RMM). RMM—mainly demonstrated during play—occurs when an individual perceives and rapidly (< 1 s) replicates the exact motor sequence of another individual. We collected data o...

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Main Authors: Giada Cordoni, Martin Hecker, Valentina Crippa, Beatriz Gallego Aldama, Santiago Borragán Santos, Ivan Norscia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01067-2
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author Giada Cordoni
Martin Hecker
Valentina Crippa
Beatriz Gallego Aldama
Santiago Borragán Santos
Ivan Norscia
author_facet Giada Cordoni
Martin Hecker
Valentina Crippa
Beatriz Gallego Aldama
Santiago Borragán Santos
Ivan Norscia
author_sort Giada Cordoni
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The basic forms of motor and possibly emotion replication include behavioral contagion and rapid motor mimicry (RMM). RMM—mainly demonstrated during play—occurs when an individual perceives and rapidly (< 1 s) replicates the exact motor sequence of another individual. We collected data on an African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana; N = 15) group housed at the Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabárceno (Spain) on play target movements of both trunk and head. We demonstrated the presence of RMM. Elephants that were more prone in mimicking others’ target movements were also more prone to play after observing others playing. RMM—as behavioral contagion—can enhance action coordination between players. As RMM was associated with more offensive play patterns than unreplicated target movements, RMM may allow competitive play sessions to occur, possibly replacing agonistic interactions. Neither individual (age, sex) nor social (affiliation levels) factors modulated the RMM. These findings can be related to the elephant high tolerance levels and the wide presence of play across age (including adults) and sex. Concluding, African elephants have the potential to share their affective states (emotional contagion) via RMM which is relevant to the investigation of the evolution of empathy in mammals including humans.
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spelling doaj-art-aff09258980c4a1a879fe46e4d620c992025-08-20T01:49:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-01067-2Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)Giada Cordoni0Martin Hecker1Valentina Crippa2Beatriz Gallego Aldama3Santiago Borragán Santos4Ivan Norscia5Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoCantur, S.A. Parque de la Naturaleza de CabárcenoCantur, S.A. Parque de la Naturaleza de CabárcenoDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoAbstract The basic forms of motor and possibly emotion replication include behavioral contagion and rapid motor mimicry (RMM). RMM—mainly demonstrated during play—occurs when an individual perceives and rapidly (< 1 s) replicates the exact motor sequence of another individual. We collected data on an African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana; N = 15) group housed at the Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabárceno (Spain) on play target movements of both trunk and head. We demonstrated the presence of RMM. Elephants that were more prone in mimicking others’ target movements were also more prone to play after observing others playing. RMM—as behavioral contagion—can enhance action coordination between players. As RMM was associated with more offensive play patterns than unreplicated target movements, RMM may allow competitive play sessions to occur, possibly replacing agonistic interactions. Neither individual (age, sex) nor social (affiliation levels) factors modulated the RMM. These findings can be related to the elephant high tolerance levels and the wide presence of play across age (including adults) and sex. Concluding, African elephants have the potential to share their affective states (emotional contagion) via RMM which is relevant to the investigation of the evolution of empathy in mammals including humans.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01067-2Rapid motor mimicryPlay contagionCompetitive playEmotional contagionLoxodonta africana
spellingShingle Giada Cordoni
Martin Hecker
Valentina Crippa
Beatriz Gallego Aldama
Santiago Borragán Santos
Ivan Norscia
Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Scientific Reports
Rapid motor mimicry
Play contagion
Competitive play
Emotional contagion
Loxodonta africana
title Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
title_full Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
title_fullStr Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
title_full_unstemmed Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
title_short Rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in African Savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
title_sort rapid mimicry of trunk and head movements during play in african savanna elephants loxodonta africana
topic Rapid motor mimicry
Play contagion
Competitive play
Emotional contagion
Loxodonta africana
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01067-2
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