Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.

Bed bugs pose significant public health challenges in tropical regions like Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the species of bed bugs involved in bed bug infestations across Indonesia using morphological and molecular approaches. Specimens were collected from 10 locations, including Central Ja...

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Main Authors: Martini Martini, Retno Hestiningsih, Sri Yuliawati, Li Lim, Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327540
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author Martini Martini
Retno Hestiningsih
Sri Yuliawati
Li Lim
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
author_facet Martini Martini
Retno Hestiningsih
Sri Yuliawati
Li Lim
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
author_sort Martini Martini
collection DOAJ
description Bed bugs pose significant public health challenges in tropical regions like Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the species of bed bugs involved in bed bug infestations across Indonesia using morphological and molecular approaches. Specimens were collected from 10 locations, including Central Java, Papua, and Kalimantan. A total of 101 C. hemipterus specimens were collected and examined morphologically, of which 23 were further analyzed using COX1 gene sequencing. Morphological identification confirmed all samples as C. hemipterus, with pronotum width-to-length ratios consistent with established keys. Molecular analysis of COX1 gene sequences revealed 98.61% to 99.77% similarity to reference sequences from Malaysia and Iraq. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strong genetic similarity among Southeast Asian populations, with minor regional variations and a distinct sub-branch for Iranian samples. The findings highlight the adaptability of C. hemipterus to diverse environments and its widespread prevalence in Indonesia. This study provides insight into genetic diversity and a foundation for future epidemiological studies.
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spelling doaj-art-aff05dc5317141d0bb88cc147c038e702025-08-20T03:11:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032754010.1371/journal.pone.0327540Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.Martini MartiniRetno HestiningsihSri YuliawatiLi LimAbdul Hafiz Ab MajidBed bugs pose significant public health challenges in tropical regions like Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the species of bed bugs involved in bed bug infestations across Indonesia using morphological and molecular approaches. Specimens were collected from 10 locations, including Central Java, Papua, and Kalimantan. A total of 101 C. hemipterus specimens were collected and examined morphologically, of which 23 were further analyzed using COX1 gene sequencing. Morphological identification confirmed all samples as C. hemipterus, with pronotum width-to-length ratios consistent with established keys. Molecular analysis of COX1 gene sequences revealed 98.61% to 99.77% similarity to reference sequences from Malaysia and Iraq. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strong genetic similarity among Southeast Asian populations, with minor regional variations and a distinct sub-branch for Iranian samples. The findings highlight the adaptability of C. hemipterus to diverse environments and its widespread prevalence in Indonesia. This study provides insight into genetic diversity and a foundation for future epidemiological studies.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327540
spellingShingle Martini Martini
Retno Hestiningsih
Sri Yuliawati
Li Lim
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
PLoS ONE
title Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
title_full Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
title_fullStr Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
title_full_unstemmed Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
title_short Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) infestation in Indonesia.
title_sort exploring genetic diversity and phylogenetic connections of tropical bed bugs cimex hemipterus f infestation in indonesia
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327540
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