Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children

BackgroundWe are seeing a steady decline in children’s physical fitness. Along with overweight and obesity, low physical fitness is one of the most serious disorders in child development. One solution to these problems is additional physical activity. It was investigated whether reduced physical fit...

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Main Authors: Bartosz Aniśko, Kacper Bernatowicz, Małgorzata Wójcik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1578304/full
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author Bartosz Aniśko
Kacper Bernatowicz
Małgorzata Wójcik
author_facet Bartosz Aniśko
Kacper Bernatowicz
Małgorzata Wójcik
author_sort Bartosz Aniśko
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundWe are seeing a steady decline in children’s physical fitness. Along with overweight and obesity, low physical fitness is one of the most serious disorders in child development. One solution to these problems is additional physical activity. It was investigated whether reduced physical fitness is associated with an increased body mass index and whether children who participate in extra-curricular sports activities have better physical fitness.MethodsThe study involved 201 children (101 girls, 100 boys) aged 10 ± 2 (grades 1–8 of the primary school). Half of the participants reported participating in extra-curricular sports activities, while half did not participate in any sports activities. The children were assessed for body mass index, grip strength, balance, strength, speed and reaction time.ResultsSignificant differences in fitness test results were observed between active and inactive students. Significant differences were also found between students with different body mass index. The 4 months of schooling had a positive effect on most of the fitness characteristics assessed. Grip strength appeared to be a determinant of the other fitness scores.ConclusionThe hypotheses that both additional physical activity and BMI will influence children’s fitness, and that 4 months of schooling will have a positive effect on improving students’ fitness, were confirmed. Hand-grip strength was found to be a determinant of better performance in almost all other fitness tests.
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spelling doaj-art-afe6a4890ebb4cd495e8b239cad1b3cf2025-08-20T02:28:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-04-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15783041578304Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged childrenBartosz Aniśko0Kacper Bernatowicz1Małgorzata Wójcik2Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Gorzów Wielkopolski, PolandStudent Research Association Conocimiento, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Gorzów Wielkopolski, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Gorzów Wielkopolski, PolandBackgroundWe are seeing a steady decline in children’s physical fitness. Along with overweight and obesity, low physical fitness is one of the most serious disorders in child development. One solution to these problems is additional physical activity. It was investigated whether reduced physical fitness is associated with an increased body mass index and whether children who participate in extra-curricular sports activities have better physical fitness.MethodsThe study involved 201 children (101 girls, 100 boys) aged 10 ± 2 (grades 1–8 of the primary school). Half of the participants reported participating in extra-curricular sports activities, while half did not participate in any sports activities. The children were assessed for body mass index, grip strength, balance, strength, speed and reaction time.ResultsSignificant differences in fitness test results were observed between active and inactive students. Significant differences were also found between students with different body mass index. The 4 months of schooling had a positive effect on most of the fitness characteristics assessed. Grip strength appeared to be a determinant of the other fitness scores.ConclusionThe hypotheses that both additional physical activity and BMI will influence children’s fitness, and that 4 months of schooling will have a positive effect on improving students’ fitness, were confirmed. Hand-grip strength was found to be a determinant of better performance in almost all other fitness tests.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1578304/fullschool-aged childrenextracurricular sports activitieschildren physical fitnesschildren physical activityobesity
spellingShingle Bartosz Aniśko
Kacper Bernatowicz
Małgorzata Wójcik
Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
Frontiers in Public Health
school-aged children
extracurricular sports activities
children physical fitness
children physical activity
obesity
title Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
title_full Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
title_fullStr Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
title_full_unstemmed Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
title_short Effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school-aged children
title_sort effects of body mass index and extracurricular sports activities on physical fitness in school aged children
topic school-aged children
extracurricular sports activities
children physical fitness
children physical activity
obesity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1578304/full
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AT kacperbernatowicz effectsofbodymassindexandextracurricularsportsactivitiesonphysicalfitnessinschoolagedchildren
AT małgorzatawojcik effectsofbodymassindexandextracurricularsportsactivitiesonphysicalfitnessinschoolagedchildren