Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity
Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is a transient period where the virus causes evident damage to the immune system, including an extensive apoptosis of CD4+ T cells associated with a high level of activation and a major cytokine storm to fight the invading virus. HIV infection establishes persistence by i...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Antoine Chéret |
| author_facet | Antoine Chéret |
| author_sort | Antoine Chéret |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is a transient period where the virus causes evident damage to the immune system, including an extensive apoptosis of CD4+ T cells associated with a high level of activation and a major cytokine storm to fight the invading virus. HIV infection establishes persistence by integrating the viral genome into host cell DNA in both replicating and non-replicating forms, effectively hiding from immune surveillance within infected lymphocytes as cellular reservoirs. The measurement of total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a reliable reflection of this reservoir. Initiating treatments during AHI with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and/or integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is essential to alter the dynamics of the global reservoir expansion, and to reduce the establishment of long-lived cellular and tissue reservoirs, while preserving and enhancing specific and non-specific immune responses. Furthermore, some of the patients treated at the AHI stage may become post-treatment controllers and should be informative regarding the mechanism of viral control, so patients treated during AHI are undoubtedly the best candidates to test innovative remission strategies toward a functional cure that could play a pivotal role in long-term HIV control. AHI is characterized by high levels of viral replication, with a significant increase in the risk of HIV transmission. Detecting AHI and initiating early treatment following diagnosis provides a window of opportunity to control the epidemic, particularly in high-risk populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afd989a2a22f4c878228122399df8cd7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-afd989a2a22f4c878228122399df8cd72025-08-20T01:50:07ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117336610.3390/v17030366Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and SingularityAntoine Chéret0Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, FranceAcute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is a transient period where the virus causes evident damage to the immune system, including an extensive apoptosis of CD4+ T cells associated with a high level of activation and a major cytokine storm to fight the invading virus. HIV infection establishes persistence by integrating the viral genome into host cell DNA in both replicating and non-replicating forms, effectively hiding from immune surveillance within infected lymphocytes as cellular reservoirs. The measurement of total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a reliable reflection of this reservoir. Initiating treatments during AHI with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and/or integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is essential to alter the dynamics of the global reservoir expansion, and to reduce the establishment of long-lived cellular and tissue reservoirs, while preserving and enhancing specific and non-specific immune responses. Furthermore, some of the patients treated at the AHI stage may become post-treatment controllers and should be informative regarding the mechanism of viral control, so patients treated during AHI are undoubtedly the best candidates to test innovative remission strategies toward a functional cure that could play a pivotal role in long-term HIV control. AHI is characterized by high levels of viral replication, with a significant increase in the risk of HIV transmission. Detecting AHI and initiating early treatment following diagnosis provides a window of opportunity to control the epidemic, particularly in high-risk populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/366acute HIV infectionHIV-1 DNAreservoirART viral transmission |
| spellingShingle | Antoine Chéret Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity Viruses acute HIV infection HIV-1 DNA reservoir ART viral transmission |
| title | Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity |
| title_full | Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity |
| title_fullStr | Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity |
| title_short | Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity |
| title_sort | acute hiv 1 infection paradigm and singularity |
| topic | acute HIV infection HIV-1 DNA reservoir ART viral transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/366 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antoinecheret acutehiv1infectionparadigmandsingularity |