Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies

DNA adducts, which block replicative DNA polymerases (DNAPs), are often bypassed by lesion-bypass DNAPs, which are mostly in the Y-Family. Y-Family DNAPs can do non-mutagenic or mutagenic dNTP insertion, and understanding this difference is important, because mutations transform normal into tumorige...

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Main Authors: Sushil Chandani, Christopher Jacobs, Edward L. Loechler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2010-01-01
Series:Journal of Nucleic Acids
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/784081
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author Sushil Chandani
Christopher Jacobs
Edward L. Loechler
author_facet Sushil Chandani
Christopher Jacobs
Edward L. Loechler
author_sort Sushil Chandani
collection DOAJ
description DNA adducts, which block replicative DNA polymerases (DNAPs), are often bypassed by lesion-bypass DNAPs, which are mostly in the Y-Family. Y-Family DNAPs can do non-mutagenic or mutagenic dNTP insertion, and understanding this difference is important, because mutations transform normal into tumorigenic cells. Y-Family DNAP architecture that dictates mechanism, as revealed in structural and modeling studies, is considered. Steps from adduct blockage of replicative DNAPs, to bypass by a lesion-bypass DNAP, to resumption of synthesis by a replicative DNAP are described. Catalytic steps and protein conformational changes are considered. One adduct is analyzed in greater detail: the major benzo[a]pyrene adduct (B[a]P-N2-dG), which is bypassed non-mutagenically (dCTP insertion) by Y-family DNAPs in the IV/𝜅-class and mutagenically (dATP insertion) by V/𝜂-class Y-Family DNAPs. Important architectural differences between IV/𝜅-class versus V/𝜂-class DNAPs are discussed, including insights gained by analyzing ~400 sequences each for bacterial DNAPs IV and V, along with sequences from eukaryotic DNAPs kappa, eta and iota. The little finger domains of Y-Family DNAPs do not show sequence conservation; however, their structures are remarkably similar due to the presence of a core of hydrophobic amino acids, whose exact identity is less important than the hydrophobic amino acid spacing.
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spelling doaj-art-afd44f5dae6f4913a2e63bdbe05c09892025-08-20T03:39:14ZengWileyJournal of Nucleic Acids2090-021X2010-01-01201010.4061/2010/784081784081Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling StudiesSushil Chandani0Christopher Jacobs1Edward L. Loechler2Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USAGraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USABiology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USADNA adducts, which block replicative DNA polymerases (DNAPs), are often bypassed by lesion-bypass DNAPs, which are mostly in the Y-Family. Y-Family DNAPs can do non-mutagenic or mutagenic dNTP insertion, and understanding this difference is important, because mutations transform normal into tumorigenic cells. Y-Family DNAP architecture that dictates mechanism, as revealed in structural and modeling studies, is considered. Steps from adduct blockage of replicative DNAPs, to bypass by a lesion-bypass DNAP, to resumption of synthesis by a replicative DNAP are described. Catalytic steps and protein conformational changes are considered. One adduct is analyzed in greater detail: the major benzo[a]pyrene adduct (B[a]P-N2-dG), which is bypassed non-mutagenically (dCTP insertion) by Y-family DNAPs in the IV/𝜅-class and mutagenically (dATP insertion) by V/𝜂-class Y-Family DNAPs. Important architectural differences between IV/𝜅-class versus V/𝜂-class DNAPs are discussed, including insights gained by analyzing ~400 sequences each for bacterial DNAPs IV and V, along with sequences from eukaryotic DNAPs kappa, eta and iota. The little finger domains of Y-Family DNAPs do not show sequence conservation; however, their structures are remarkably similar due to the presence of a core of hydrophobic amino acids, whose exact identity is less important than the hydrophobic amino acid spacing.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/784081
spellingShingle Sushil Chandani
Christopher Jacobs
Edward L. Loechler
Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
Journal of Nucleic Acids
title Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
title_full Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
title_fullStr Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
title_full_unstemmed Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
title_short Architecture of Y-Family DNA Polymerases Relevant to Translesion DNA Synthesis as Revealed in Structural and Molecular Modeling Studies
title_sort architecture of y family dna polymerases relevant to translesion dna synthesis as revealed in structural and molecular modeling studies
url http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/784081
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AT christopherjacobs architectureofyfamilydnapolymerasesrelevanttotranslesiondnasynthesisasrevealedinstructuralandmolecularmodelingstudies
AT edwardlloechler architectureofyfamilydnapolymerasesrelevanttotranslesiondnasynthesisasrevealedinstructuralandmolecularmodelingstudies