Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains
Context Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing global problem, with biofilm formation and efflux pumps playing crucial roles in this issue.Objective This study explores the effects of phenolic compounds of Origanum majorana against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutical Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13880209.2025.2511805 |
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| author | Annamária Kincses Tasneem Sultan Abu Ghazal Katalin Veres Gabriella Spengler Judit Hohmann |
| author_facet | Annamária Kincses Tasneem Sultan Abu Ghazal Katalin Veres Gabriella Spengler Judit Hohmann |
| author_sort | Annamária Kincses |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing global problem, with biofilm formation and efflux pumps playing crucial roles in this issue.Objective This study explores the effects of phenolic compounds of Origanum majorana against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by inhibiting biofilm formation and efflux pumps.Materials and methods The methanolic extract of O. majorana was fractionated guided by an antibiofilm assay, and the active fractions were analyzed by multistep chromatographic separation to yield five pure compounds. Their structures were then determined using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were determined via the microdilution method in a 96-well plate. Antibiofilm activity was assessed using the crystal violet method, and the effect on efflux pumps was tested by a real-time ethidium bromide accumulation assay.Results Arbutin (1), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (2), 6′-caffeoylarbutin (3), rosmarinic acid (4), and 2-deoxy-d-1,4-ribonolactone (5) were isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 reduced E. coli biofilm formation by 24.82%–42.98% at 100 µM, whereas only arbutin (1) moderately suppressed biofilm formation of MRSA (23.15 ± 1.56% at 50 µM). Arbutin also demonstrated efflux pump inhibitory activity against MRSA (relative fluorescence index of 0.49 at 100 µM).Discussion and conclusions The newly discovered natural antibiofilm agents show promise as candidates for treating biofilm-associated infections and combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afcbe25602c349f29dfdd351a8957c2d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1388-0209 1744-5116 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutical Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-afcbe25602c349f29dfdd351a8957c2d2025-08-20T03:19:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPharmaceutical Biology1388-02091744-51162025-12-0163140241010.1080/13880209.2025.2511805Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strainsAnnamária Kincses0Tasneem Sultan Abu Ghazal1Katalin Veres2Gabriella Spengler3Judit Hohmann4Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryContext Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing global problem, with biofilm formation and efflux pumps playing crucial roles in this issue.Objective This study explores the effects of phenolic compounds of Origanum majorana against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by inhibiting biofilm formation and efflux pumps.Materials and methods The methanolic extract of O. majorana was fractionated guided by an antibiofilm assay, and the active fractions were analyzed by multistep chromatographic separation to yield five pure compounds. Their structures were then determined using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were determined via the microdilution method in a 96-well plate. Antibiofilm activity was assessed using the crystal violet method, and the effect on efflux pumps was tested by a real-time ethidium bromide accumulation assay.Results Arbutin (1), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (2), 6′-caffeoylarbutin (3), rosmarinic acid (4), and 2-deoxy-d-1,4-ribonolactone (5) were isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 reduced E. coli biofilm formation by 24.82%–42.98% at 100 µM, whereas only arbutin (1) moderately suppressed biofilm formation of MRSA (23.15 ± 1.56% at 50 µM). Arbutin also demonstrated efflux pump inhibitory activity against MRSA (relative fluorescence index of 0.49 at 100 µM).Discussion and conclusions The newly discovered natural antibiofilm agents show promise as candidates for treating biofilm-associated infections and combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13880209.2025.2511805Origanum majoranabiofilm formationefflux pumprosmarinic acidarbutinapigenin 7-O-glucoside |
| spellingShingle | Annamária Kincses Tasneem Sultan Abu Ghazal Katalin Veres Gabriella Spengler Judit Hohmann Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains Pharmaceutical Biology Origanum majorana biofilm formation efflux pump rosmarinic acid arbutin apigenin 7-O-glucoside |
| title | Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains |
| title_full | Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains |
| title_fullStr | Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains |
| title_short | Phenolic compounds from Origanum majorana with biofilm-inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains |
| title_sort | phenolic compounds from origanum majorana with biofilm inhibitory activity against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli strains |
| topic | Origanum majorana biofilm formation efflux pump rosmarinic acid arbutin apigenin 7-O-glucoside |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13880209.2025.2511805 |
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