Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management

Abstract Leachate from municipal solid waste landfills poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to poor management practices. This study evaluated thirty leachate samples from Iranian metropolises using the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). Various parameters, including BOD₅, COD, TDS, pH,...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Hojjat Nadimi, Akbar Eslami, Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand, Ali Oghazyan, Somayeh Setoudeh, Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78630-w
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author Mohammad Hossien Saghi
Hojjat Nadimi
Akbar Eslami
Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand
Ali Oghazyan
Somayeh Setoudeh
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei
author_facet Mohammad Hossien Saghi
Hojjat Nadimi
Akbar Eslami
Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand
Ali Oghazyan
Somayeh Setoudeh
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei
author_sort Mohammad Hossien Saghi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Leachate from municipal solid waste landfills poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to poor management practices. This study evaluated thirty leachate samples from Iranian metropolises using the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). Various parameters, including BOD₅, COD, TDS, pH, EC, heavy metals, turbidity, PAHs, phthalates, and humic acid, were analysed. The BOD₅ levels ranged from 350 to 20,000 mg/L, and the COD levels ranged from 2,000 to 90,000 mg/L. The TDS content varied between 14.7 and 67 g/L, while the turbidity ranged from 15 to 186 NTU. Heavy metals were present but within standard limits. The phthalate concentrations ranged from 6 to 150.8 mg/L, and the humic acid concentrations ranged from 135 to 2,200 mg/L. Naphthalene was the most frequent hydrocarbon detected. The LPIs were less than 30 for all the samples, with the highest in Ahvaz and the lowest in the treated samples from Tehran. This study highlights the presence of persistent organic and hazardous contaminants in Iran’s municipal landfills, emphasizing the need for effective leachate treatment and improved waste management practices. Enhanced final disposal methods, increased waste recovery, and improved solid residue separation are crucial for preventing further leachate production and environmental contamination.
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spelling doaj-art-afbeaa46d164462a9e270b137f2db8552025-08-20T02:50:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111210.1038/s41598-024-78630-wCharacteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW managementMohammad Hossien Saghi0Hojjat Nadimi1Akbar Eslami2Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand3Ali Oghazyan4Somayeh Setoudeh5Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei6Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical SciencesNursing Department Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat HeydariyehAbstract Leachate from municipal solid waste landfills poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to poor management practices. This study evaluated thirty leachate samples from Iranian metropolises using the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). Various parameters, including BOD₅, COD, TDS, pH, EC, heavy metals, turbidity, PAHs, phthalates, and humic acid, were analysed. The BOD₅ levels ranged from 350 to 20,000 mg/L, and the COD levels ranged from 2,000 to 90,000 mg/L. The TDS content varied between 14.7 and 67 g/L, while the turbidity ranged from 15 to 186 NTU. Heavy metals were present but within standard limits. The phthalate concentrations ranged from 6 to 150.8 mg/L, and the humic acid concentrations ranged from 135 to 2,200 mg/L. Naphthalene was the most frequent hydrocarbon detected. The LPIs were less than 30 for all the samples, with the highest in Ahvaz and the lowest in the treated samples from Tehran. This study highlights the presence of persistent organic and hazardous contaminants in Iran’s municipal landfills, emphasizing the need for effective leachate treatment and improved waste management practices. Enhanced final disposal methods, increased waste recovery, and improved solid residue separation are crucial for preventing further leachate production and environmental contamination.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78630-wLeachate managementMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfillsLeachate pollution index (LPI)Heavy metals in leachateOrganic pollutantsIranian metropolises
spellingShingle Mohammad Hossien Saghi
Hojjat Nadimi
Akbar Eslami
Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand
Ali Oghazyan
Somayeh Setoudeh
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei
Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
Scientific Reports
Leachate management
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills
Leachate pollution index (LPI)
Heavy metals in leachate
Organic pollutants
Iranian metropolises
title Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
title_full Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
title_fullStr Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
title_short Characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in Iranian metropolises and their implications for MSW management
title_sort characteristics and pollution indices of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills in iranian metropolises and their implications for msw management
topic Leachate management
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills
Leachate pollution index (LPI)
Heavy metals in leachate
Organic pollutants
Iranian metropolises
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78630-w
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