Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting

Robotic harvesters and grippers have been widely developed for fruit-picking tasks. However, existing approaches often fail to account for the fruit’s post-harvest condition, leading to premature decay due to excessive grasping forces. This study addresses this gap by designing and evaluating passiv...

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Main Authors: Kai Blanco, Eduardo Navas, Daniel Rodríguez-Nieto, Luis Emmi, Roemi Fernández
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/804
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author Kai Blanco
Eduardo Navas
Daniel Rodríguez-Nieto
Luis Emmi
Roemi Fernández
author_facet Kai Blanco
Eduardo Navas
Daniel Rodríguez-Nieto
Luis Emmi
Roemi Fernández
author_sort Kai Blanco
collection DOAJ
description Robotic harvesters and grippers have been widely developed for fruit-picking tasks. However, existing approaches often fail to account for the fruit’s post-harvest condition, leading to premature decay due to excessive grasping forces. This study addresses this gap by designing and evaluating passive soft grasping interfaces for rigid robotic grippers, aiming to handle delicate fruits and vegetables while minimizing bruising. Using hyperelastic materials and 3D printing, four different interface designs, including Gyroid, Grid, Cubic, and Cross 3D patterns, were developed and tested. Experimental evaluations assessed surface adaptability, grasping force distribution, and post-harvest bruising effects. Results indicate that collapsible interface patterns greatly reduce grasping forces and offer lower bruising severity when compared to traditional rigid grippers. These findings suggest that hybrid soft-rigid grasping strategies offer a promising solution for improving fruit-handling efficiency in autonomous harvesting and pick-and-place operations.
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id doaj-art-afb2c64a285a403683bfbf13fdd185ea
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issn 2073-4395
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Agronomy
spelling doaj-art-afb2c64a285a403683bfbf13fdd185ea2025-08-20T03:14:17ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-03-0115480410.3390/agronomy15040804Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic HarvestingKai Blanco0Eduardo Navas1Daniel Rodríguez-Nieto2Luis Emmi3Roemi Fernández4Centre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), Carretera Campo Real Km 0.2, Arganda del Rey, 28500 Madrid, SpainCentre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), Carretera Campo Real Km 0.2, Arganda del Rey, 28500 Madrid, SpainCentre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), Carretera Campo Real Km 0.2, Arganda del Rey, 28500 Madrid, SpainCentre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), Carretera Campo Real Km 0.2, Arganda del Rey, 28500 Madrid, SpainCentre for Automation and Robotics, CSIC-UPM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), Carretera Campo Real Km 0.2, Arganda del Rey, 28500 Madrid, SpainRobotic harvesters and grippers have been widely developed for fruit-picking tasks. However, existing approaches often fail to account for the fruit’s post-harvest condition, leading to premature decay due to excessive grasping forces. This study addresses this gap by designing and evaluating passive soft grasping interfaces for rigid robotic grippers, aiming to handle delicate fruits and vegetables while minimizing bruising. Using hyperelastic materials and 3D printing, four different interface designs, including Gyroid, Grid, Cubic, and Cross 3D patterns, were developed and tested. Experimental evaluations assessed surface adaptability, grasping force distribution, and post-harvest bruising effects. Results indicate that collapsible interface patterns greatly reduce grasping forces and offer lower bruising severity when compared to traditional rigid grippers. These findings suggest that hybrid soft-rigid grasping strategies offer a promising solution for improving fruit-handling efficiency in autonomous harvesting and pick-and-place operations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/804automatic harvesting3D printingsoft grasping interfacesroboticscrop damage
spellingShingle Kai Blanco
Eduardo Navas
Daniel Rodríguez-Nieto
Luis Emmi
Roemi Fernández
Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
Agronomy
automatic harvesting
3D printing
soft grasping interfaces
robotics
crop damage
title Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
title_full Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
title_fullStr Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
title_full_unstemmed Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
title_short Design and Experimental Assessment of 3D-Printed Soft Grasping Interfaces for Robotic Harvesting
title_sort design and experimental assessment of 3d printed soft grasping interfaces for robotic harvesting
topic automatic harvesting
3D printing
soft grasping interfaces
robotics
crop damage
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/804
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