Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis

External environmental stressors and internal physiological changes frequently compromise the skin barrier, resulting in conditions such as dermatitis and dehydration. A key underlying factor is the depletion of ceramides, essential lipids in the stratum corneum that maintain skin integrity. Althoug...

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Main Authors: Yu Zhou, Lichun Wu, Yi Zhang, Jia Hu, Jannatul Fardous, Yasuhiro Ikegami, Hiroyuki Ijima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/608
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author Yu Zhou
Lichun Wu
Yi Zhang
Jia Hu
Jannatul Fardous
Yasuhiro Ikegami
Hiroyuki Ijima
author_facet Yu Zhou
Lichun Wu
Yi Zhang
Jia Hu
Jannatul Fardous
Yasuhiro Ikegami
Hiroyuki Ijima
author_sort Yu Zhou
collection DOAJ
description External environmental stressors and internal physiological changes frequently compromise the skin barrier, resulting in conditions such as dermatitis and dehydration. A key underlying factor is the depletion of ceramides, essential lipids in the stratum corneum that maintain skin integrity. Although topical ceramide supplementation is effective for barrier repair, its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and low skin permeability. To overcome these challenges, this study developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (O/W-NE) using ultrasonic emulsification for the efficient transdermal delivery of ceramide C2. Octyldodecanol was selected as the oil phase to enhance ceramide solubility, while glycerin was incorporated to increase aqueous phase viscosity, reduce particle size, and function as a biocompatible penetration enhancer. The optimized nanoemulsion achieved a particle size of 112.5 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 85%. Its performance was evaluated via in vitro release, ex vivo skin permeation, and in vivo biocompatibility studies. Mechanistic investigations revealed that both particle size and glycerin concentration significantly influenced ceramide penetration into the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, the nanoemulsion exhibited moisturizing and barrier-repair effects in a damaged skin model. Overall, this O/W-NE offers a stable, non-invasive strategy for enhancing ceramide delivery and restoring skin barrier function.
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series Biomolecules
spelling doaj-art-afb0f4f4245946c39cb53e2dfac1cac42025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-04-0115560810.3390/biom15050608Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in DermatitisYu Zhou0Lichun Wu1Yi Zhang2Jia Hu3Jannatul Fardous4Yasuhiro Ikegami5Hiroyuki Ijima6Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Comilla University, Cumilla 3506, BangladeshDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanExternal environmental stressors and internal physiological changes frequently compromise the skin barrier, resulting in conditions such as dermatitis and dehydration. A key underlying factor is the depletion of ceramides, essential lipids in the stratum corneum that maintain skin integrity. Although topical ceramide supplementation is effective for barrier repair, its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and low skin permeability. To overcome these challenges, this study developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (O/W-NE) using ultrasonic emulsification for the efficient transdermal delivery of ceramide C2. Octyldodecanol was selected as the oil phase to enhance ceramide solubility, while glycerin was incorporated to increase aqueous phase viscosity, reduce particle size, and function as a biocompatible penetration enhancer. The optimized nanoemulsion achieved a particle size of 112.5 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 85%. Its performance was evaluated via in vitro release, ex vivo skin permeation, and in vivo biocompatibility studies. Mechanistic investigations revealed that both particle size and glycerin concentration significantly influenced ceramide penetration into the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, the nanoemulsion exhibited moisturizing and barrier-repair effects in a damaged skin model. Overall, this O/W-NE offers a stable, non-invasive strategy for enhancing ceramide delivery and restoring skin barrier function.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/608transdermal deliverypermeabilityceramideskin barrier function
spellingShingle Yu Zhou
Lichun Wu
Yi Zhang
Jia Hu
Jannatul Fardous
Yasuhiro Ikegami
Hiroyuki Ijima
Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
Biomolecules
transdermal delivery
permeability
ceramide
skin barrier function
title Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
title_full Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
title_fullStr Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
title_full_unstemmed Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
title_short Topical Delivery of Ceramide by Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion to Retain Epidermal Moisture Content in Dermatitis
title_sort topical delivery of ceramide by oil in water nanoemulsion to retain epidermal moisture content in dermatitis
topic transdermal delivery
permeability
ceramide
skin barrier function
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/608
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