Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objective: Currently, there are limited data on the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO). We compared the clinical outcomes of patients with CTO lesions t...

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Main Authors: Yanci Liu, Shaoping Wang, Hongyu Peng, Qian Fan, Jinghua Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2025-06-01
Series:Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM27226
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author Yanci Liu
Shaoping Wang
Hongyu Peng
Qian Fan
Jinghua Liu
author_facet Yanci Liu
Shaoping Wang
Hongyu Peng
Qian Fan
Jinghua Liu
author_sort Yanci Liu
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Currently, there are limited data on the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO). We compared the clinical outcomes of patients with CTO lesions treated by PCI versus CABG. Methods: This study included 2587 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with CTO from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. Both short- and long-term clinical outcomes were compared in patients with CTO who received successful revascularization. The primary endpoint, defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), was a composite of all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular events, and myocardial infarction. Unplanned revascularization and heart failure hospitalization were defined as secondary endpoints separately. Propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups. Results: The PCI group had lower MACCE (0.47% vs. 2.11%) within 30 days of the index operation, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). After an average follow-up of 37.2 months, no significant differences were observed between PCI and CABG in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.79–6.61; p = 0.13), MACCE (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.86–4.76; p = 0.10), or heart failure hospitalization rate (sub distribution HR [SHR] = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.26–3.74; p = 0.98). However, patients who underwent PCI had a higher risk of unplanned revascularization (SHR = 10.32, 95% CI: 2.42–43.95; p = 0.002). Conclusion: In patients with CAD with CTO, PCI was associated with a trend of lower short-term MACCE compared to CABG, but with a higher risk of long-term unplanned revascularization. There were no significant differences in long-term all-cause mortality, MACCE, or heart failure hospitalization rates between PCI and CABG.
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spelling doaj-art-afabecc4a4cf4e868d89f49b1365b3812025-08-20T03:28:59ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502025-06-012662722610.31083/RCM27226S1530-6550(25)01806-XChronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass GraftingYanci Liu0Shaoping Wang1Hongyu Peng2Qian Fan3Jinghua Liu4Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, ChinaObjective: Currently, there are limited data on the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO). We compared the clinical outcomes of patients with CTO lesions treated by PCI versus CABG. Methods: This study included 2587 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with CTO from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. Both short- and long-term clinical outcomes were compared in patients with CTO who received successful revascularization. The primary endpoint, defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), was a composite of all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular events, and myocardial infarction. Unplanned revascularization and heart failure hospitalization were defined as secondary endpoints separately. Propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups. Results: The PCI group had lower MACCE (0.47% vs. 2.11%) within 30 days of the index operation, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). After an average follow-up of 37.2 months, no significant differences were observed between PCI and CABG in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.79–6.61; p = 0.13), MACCE (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.86–4.76; p = 0.10), or heart failure hospitalization rate (sub distribution HR [SHR] = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.26–3.74; p = 0.98). However, patients who underwent PCI had a higher risk of unplanned revascularization (SHR = 10.32, 95% CI: 2.42–43.95; p = 0.002). Conclusion: In patients with CAD with CTO, PCI was associated with a trend of lower short-term MACCE compared to CABG, but with a higher risk of long-term unplanned revascularization. There were no significant differences in long-term all-cause mortality, MACCE, or heart failure hospitalization rates between PCI and CABG.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM27226chronic total occlusionpercutaneous coronary interventioncoronary artery bypass graftingrevascularizationstent
spellingShingle Yanci Liu
Shaoping Wang
Hongyu Peng
Qian Fan
Jinghua Liu
Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
chronic total occlusion
percutaneous coronary intervention
coronary artery bypass grafting
revascularization
stent
title Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_full Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_fullStr Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_full_unstemmed Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_short Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization Strategies: A Comparative Study of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_sort chronic total occlusion revascularization strategies a comparative study of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting
topic chronic total occlusion
percutaneous coronary intervention
coronary artery bypass grafting
revascularization
stent
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/6/10.31083/RCM27226
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AT hongyupeng chronictotalocclusionrevascularizationstrategiesacomparativestudyofpercutaneouscoronaryinterventionandcoronaryarterybypassgrafting
AT qianfan chronictotalocclusionrevascularizationstrategiesacomparativestudyofpercutaneouscoronaryinterventionandcoronaryarterybypassgrafting
AT jinghualiu chronictotalocclusionrevascularizationstrategiesacomparativestudyofpercutaneouscoronaryinterventionandcoronaryarterybypassgrafting