Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions
Abstract Partial shading conditions (PSC) in photovoltaic (PV) systems degrade energy harvest by generating multi-peak power-voltage (P–V) curves, trapping conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms at local maxima. This paper presents a Multi-Peak to Single-Peak Conversion (MSMPPT)...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98619-3 |
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| author | Njimboh Henry Alombah Ambe Harrison Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso Hamid Belghiti Hilaire Bertrand Fotsin Pradeep Jangir Saad F. Al-Gahtani Z. M. S. Elbarbary |
| author_facet | Njimboh Henry Alombah Ambe Harrison Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso Hamid Belghiti Hilaire Bertrand Fotsin Pradeep Jangir Saad F. Al-Gahtani Z. M. S. Elbarbary |
| author_sort | Njimboh Henry Alombah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Partial shading conditions (PSC) in photovoltaic (PV) systems degrade energy harvest by generating multi-peak power-voltage (P–V) curves, trapping conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms at local maxima. This paper presents a Multi-Peak to Single-Peak Conversion (MSMPPT) framework that enables conventional algorithms like Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) to reliably track the global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC without structural modifications. The framework operates via two stages: dynamic estimation of optimal voltage boundaries to shrink the GMPP search space to under 10% of the original P–V range, and active voltage regulation to enforce operation within this zone, effectively transforming the multi-peak curve into a single-peak profile. The proposed MSMPP-P&O and MSMPP-INC algorithms achieve 50% faster tracking (64 ms vs. 122 ms for P&O) and near-perfect steady-state efficiency under static shading, reducing power losses below 2%. In dynamic shading scenarios with abrupt irradiance shifts, MSMPPT maintains robustness with less than 1.5 W net loss, outperforming conventional methods that incur over 30 W of power losses. By eliminating oscillations and hotspot risks through voltage regulation, the framework retains algorithmic simplicity while enhancing performance under complex shading scenarios. Validated across benchmark shading profiles, MSMPPT demonstrates fidelity without requiring additional hardware or complex optimizers. This innovation bridges the gap between conventional MPPT simplicity and partial shading resilience, offering a cost-effective, scalable solution to boost PV system reliability in shading environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afa9bb6787ca4885bedf005d0108ab20 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-afa9bb6787ca4885bedf005d0108ab202025-08-20T02:20:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112810.1038/s41598-025-98619-3Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditionsNjimboh Henry Alombah0Ambe Harrison1Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso2Hamid Belghiti3Hilaire Bertrand Fotsin4Pradeep Jangir5Saad F. Al-Gahtani6Z. M. S. Elbarbary7Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology, University of BamendaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology (COT), University of BueaTechnology and Applied Sciences Laboratory, U.I.T. of DoualaUniversity of DoualaLaboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy National School of Applied Sciences, University of Chouaib DoukkaliUnit of Condensed Matter Research, Electronics and Signal Processing, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LAMACET, University of DschangInnovation Center for Artificial Intelligence Applications, Yuan Ze UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityAbstract Partial shading conditions (PSC) in photovoltaic (PV) systems degrade energy harvest by generating multi-peak power-voltage (P–V) curves, trapping conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms at local maxima. This paper presents a Multi-Peak to Single-Peak Conversion (MSMPPT) framework that enables conventional algorithms like Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) to reliably track the global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC without structural modifications. The framework operates via two stages: dynamic estimation of optimal voltage boundaries to shrink the GMPP search space to under 10% of the original P–V range, and active voltage regulation to enforce operation within this zone, effectively transforming the multi-peak curve into a single-peak profile. The proposed MSMPP-P&O and MSMPP-INC algorithms achieve 50% faster tracking (64 ms vs. 122 ms for P&O) and near-perfect steady-state efficiency under static shading, reducing power losses below 2%. In dynamic shading scenarios with abrupt irradiance shifts, MSMPPT maintains robustness with less than 1.5 W net loss, outperforming conventional methods that incur over 30 W of power losses. By eliminating oscillations and hotspot risks through voltage regulation, the framework retains algorithmic simplicity while enhancing performance under complex shading scenarios. Validated across benchmark shading profiles, MSMPPT demonstrates fidelity without requiring additional hardware or complex optimizers. This innovation bridges the gap between conventional MPPT simplicity and partial shading resilience, offering a cost-effective, scalable solution to boost PV system reliability in shading environments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98619-3Photovoltaic (PV)Partial shading conditions (PSC)Maximum power point (MPP)Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking (MSMPPT)Multiple-to-single MPP conversion |
| spellingShingle | Njimboh Henry Alombah Ambe Harrison Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso Hamid Belghiti Hilaire Bertrand Fotsin Pradeep Jangir Saad F. Al-Gahtani Z. M. S. Elbarbary Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions Scientific Reports Photovoltaic (PV) Partial shading conditions (PSC) Maximum power point (MPP) Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking (MSMPPT) Multiple-to-single MPP conversion |
| title | Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| title_full | Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| title_fullStr | Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| title_short | Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| title_sort | multiple to single maximum power point tracking for empowering conventional mppt algorithms under partial shading conditions |
| topic | Photovoltaic (PV) Partial shading conditions (PSC) Maximum power point (MPP) Multiple-to-single maximum power point tracking (MSMPPT) Multiple-to-single MPP conversion |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98619-3 |
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