Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States
In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and >21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black...
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1558_article |
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| author | Todd E. Katzner Ashleigh V. Blackford Mary Donahue Samantha E.J. Gibbs Julianna Lenoch Michael Martin Tonie E. Rocke J. Jeffrey Root Darrel Styles Sunny Cooper Kristin Dean Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond Dominique Keller Carlos Sanchez Brett Dunlap Thomas Grier Michael P. Jones Gregory Nitzel Erin Patrick Maureen Purcell Aaron J. Specht David L. Suarez |
| author_facet | Todd E. Katzner Ashleigh V. Blackford Mary Donahue Samantha E.J. Gibbs Julianna Lenoch Michael Martin Tonie E. Rocke J. Jeffrey Root Darrel Styles Sunny Cooper Kristin Dean Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond Dominique Keller Carlos Sanchez Brett Dunlap Thomas Grier Michael P. Jones Gregory Nitzel Erin Patrick Maureen Purcell Aaron J. Specht David L. Suarez |
| author_sort | Todd E. Katzner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and >21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and then California condors. We noted differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (vultures p<0.004; condors p<0.02) but no adverse effects of vaccination. All vaccinated vultures and 80% of vaccinated condors showed maximum measured antibody response within the published range associated with survival of vaccinated and virally challenged chickens. We noted weak evidence of higher antibody responses for birds given two 0.5-mL vaccines versus those given one 1-mL vaccine but no correlation between antibody titers and sex for either species or between antibody titers and bone lead concentrations in vultures. Our results prompted initiation of a vaccination program for condors that could reduce spread of this disease among highly threatened species.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afa0ddb297e94ce285760595f656d8bc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1080-6040 1080-6059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-afa0ddb297e94ce285760595f656d8bc2025-08-20T03:12:42ZengCenters for Disease Control and PreventionEmerging Infectious Diseases1080-60401080-60592025-06-013161131113910.3201/eid3106.241558Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United StatesTodd E. KatznerAshleigh V. BlackfordMary DonahueSamantha E.J. GibbsJulianna LenochMichael MartinTonie E. RockeJ. Jeffrey RootDarrel StylesSunny CooperKristin DeanZachary Dvornicky-RaymondDominique KellerCarlos SanchezBrett DunlapThomas GrierMichael P. JonesGregory NitzelErin PatrickMaureen PurcellAaron J. SpechtDavid L. Suarez In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and >21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and then California condors. We noted differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (vultures p<0.004; condors p<0.02) but no adverse effects of vaccination. All vaccinated vultures and 80% of vaccinated condors showed maximum measured antibody response within the published range associated with survival of vaccinated and virally challenged chickens. We noted weak evidence of higher antibody responses for birds given two 0.5-mL vaccines versus those given one 1-mL vaccine but no correlation between antibody titers and sex for either species or between antibody titers and bone lead concentrations in vultures. Our results prompted initiation of a vaccination program for condors that could reduce spread of this disease among highly threatened species. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1558_articleInfluenzaviruseshighly pathogenic avian influenza virusBlack vultureCalifornia condorCoragyps atratus |
| spellingShingle | Todd E. Katzner Ashleigh V. Blackford Mary Donahue Samantha E.J. Gibbs Julianna Lenoch Michael Martin Tonie E. Rocke J. Jeffrey Root Darrel Styles Sunny Cooper Kristin Dean Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond Dominique Keller Carlos Sanchez Brett Dunlap Thomas Grier Michael P. Jones Gregory Nitzel Erin Patrick Maureen Purcell Aaron J. Specht David L. Suarez Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States Emerging Infectious Diseases Influenza viruses highly pathogenic avian influenza virus Black vulture California condor Coragyps atratus |
| title | Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States |
| title_full | Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States |
| title_fullStr | Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States |
| title_short | Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States |
| title_sort | safety and immunogenicity of poultry vaccine for protecting critically endangered avian species against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus united states |
| topic | Influenza viruses highly pathogenic avian influenza virus Black vulture California condor Coragyps atratus |
| url | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1558_article |
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