Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England

Objective Around one in five emergency hospital admissions are affected by acute kidney injury (AKI). To address poor quality of care in relation to AKI, electronic alerts (e-alerts) are mandated across primary and secondary care in England and Wales. Evidence of the benefit of AKI e-alerts remains...

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Main Authors: Gregory Maniatopoulos, Tracy Finch, Jason Scott, Mark Bevan, Chris Gibbins, Bryan Yates, Narayanan Kilimangalam, Neil Sheerin, Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-12-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/12/e032925.full
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author Gregory Maniatopoulos
Tracy Finch
Jason Scott
Mark Bevan
Chris Gibbins
Bryan Yates
Narayanan Kilimangalam
Neil Sheerin
Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram
author_facet Gregory Maniatopoulos
Tracy Finch
Jason Scott
Mark Bevan
Chris Gibbins
Bryan Yates
Narayanan Kilimangalam
Neil Sheerin
Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram
author_sort Gregory Maniatopoulos
collection DOAJ
description Objective Around one in five emergency hospital admissions are affected by acute kidney injury (AKI). To address poor quality of care in relation to AKI, electronic alerts (e-alerts) are mandated across primary and secondary care in England and Wales. Evidence of the benefit of AKI e-alerts remains conflicting, with at least some uncertainty explained by poor or unclear implementation. The objective of this study was to identify factors relating to implementation, using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which promote or inhibit use of AKI e-alerts in secondary care.Design Mixed methods combining qualitative (observations, semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods.Setting and participants Three secondary care hospitals in North East England, representing two distinct AKI e-alerting systems. Observations (>44 hours) were conducted in Emergency Assessment Units (EAUs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians (n=29) from EAUs, vascular or general surgery or care of the elderly. Qualitative data were supplemented by Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) surveys (n=101).Analysis Qualitative data were analysed using the NPT framework, with quantitative data analysed descriptively and using χ2 and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for differences in current and future normalisation.Results Participants reported familiarity with the AKI e-alerts but that the e-alerts would become more normalised in the future (p<0.001). No single NPT mechanism led to current (un)successful implementation of the e-alerts, but analysis of the underlying subconstructs identified several mechanisms indicative of successful normalisation (internalisation, legitimation) or unsuccessful normalisation (initiation, differentiation, skill set workability, systematisation).Conclusions Clinicians recognised the value and importance of AKI e-alerts in their practice, although this was not sufficient for the e-alerts to be routinely engaged with by clinicians. To further normalise the use of AKI e-alerts, there is a need for tailored training on use of the e-alerts and routine feedback to clinicians on the impact that e-alerts have on patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-af9c1003075148f3bc217f8b4e4729142025-08-20T02:38:35ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-12-0191210.1136/bmjopen-2019-032925Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in EnglandGregory Maniatopoulos0Tracy Finch1Jason Scott2Mark Bevan3Chris Gibbins4Bryan Yates5Narayanan Kilimangalam6Neil Sheerin7Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram8Newcastle Business School, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK6 Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKFaculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK1 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK3 Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK4 Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, UK5 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UKNational Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK3 Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKObjective Around one in five emergency hospital admissions are affected by acute kidney injury (AKI). To address poor quality of care in relation to AKI, electronic alerts (e-alerts) are mandated across primary and secondary care in England and Wales. Evidence of the benefit of AKI e-alerts remains conflicting, with at least some uncertainty explained by poor or unclear implementation. The objective of this study was to identify factors relating to implementation, using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which promote or inhibit use of AKI e-alerts in secondary care.Design Mixed methods combining qualitative (observations, semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods.Setting and participants Three secondary care hospitals in North East England, representing two distinct AKI e-alerting systems. Observations (>44 hours) were conducted in Emergency Assessment Units (EAUs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians (n=29) from EAUs, vascular or general surgery or care of the elderly. Qualitative data were supplemented by Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) surveys (n=101).Analysis Qualitative data were analysed using the NPT framework, with quantitative data analysed descriptively and using χ2 and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for differences in current and future normalisation.Results Participants reported familiarity with the AKI e-alerts but that the e-alerts would become more normalised in the future (p<0.001). No single NPT mechanism led to current (un)successful implementation of the e-alerts, but analysis of the underlying subconstructs identified several mechanisms indicative of successful normalisation (internalisation, legitimation) or unsuccessful normalisation (initiation, differentiation, skill set workability, systematisation).Conclusions Clinicians recognised the value and importance of AKI e-alerts in their practice, although this was not sufficient for the e-alerts to be routinely engaged with by clinicians. To further normalise the use of AKI e-alerts, there is a need for tailored training on use of the e-alerts and routine feedback to clinicians on the impact that e-alerts have on patient outcomes.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/12/e032925.full
spellingShingle Gregory Maniatopoulos
Tracy Finch
Jason Scott
Mark Bevan
Chris Gibbins
Bryan Yates
Narayanan Kilimangalam
Neil Sheerin
Nigel Suren Kanagasundaram
Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
BMJ Open
title Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
title_full Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
title_fullStr Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
title_full_unstemmed Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
title_short Acute kidney injury electronic alerts: mixed methods Normalisation Process Theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in England
title_sort acute kidney injury electronic alerts mixed methods normalisation process theory evaluation of their implementation into secondary care in england
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/12/e032925.full
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