Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women

Abstract Aim To analyze the association between Fat Mass Index (FMI), Free Fat Mass Index (FFMI), Free Fat Mass/Fat Mass (FFM/FM), and Body Mass Index (BMI) among young adult Saudi women and to explore how these body composition indices are associated with sleep and physical activity patterns. Metho...

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Main Authors: Alaa A. AlMasud, Shaima A. Alothman, Nada Benajiba, Seham Alqahtani, Afnan A. Alatr, Anfal A. Alshatowy, Ghadah E. Alenezy, Ghaida M. Alshahrani, Laylas A. Alhussain, Noha I. Alnashwan, Norah A. Alshimali, Nourah A. Alneghamshi, Nashmia M. Aljasser, Mashael A. Huwaikem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00795-5
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author Alaa A. AlMasud
Shaima A. Alothman
Nada Benajiba
Seham Alqahtani
Afnan A. Alatr
Anfal A. Alshatowy
Ghadah E. Alenezy
Ghaida M. Alshahrani
Laylas A. Alhussain
Noha I. Alnashwan
Norah A. Alshimali
Nourah A. Alneghamshi
Nashmia M. Aljasser
Mashael A. Huwaikem
author_facet Alaa A. AlMasud
Shaima A. Alothman
Nada Benajiba
Seham Alqahtani
Afnan A. Alatr
Anfal A. Alshatowy
Ghadah E. Alenezy
Ghaida M. Alshahrani
Laylas A. Alhussain
Noha I. Alnashwan
Norah A. Alshimali
Nourah A. Alneghamshi
Nashmia M. Aljasser
Mashael A. Huwaikem
author_sort Alaa A. AlMasud
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim To analyze the association between Fat Mass Index (FMI), Free Fat Mass Index (FFMI), Free Fat Mass/Fat Mass (FFM/FM), and Body Mass Index (BMI) among young adult Saudi women and to explore how these body composition indices are associated with sleep and physical activity patterns. Methods A total of 1,741 university female students participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using the InBody 270 body composition analyzer. FMI, FFMI, and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3), with T1 classified as the lowest and T3 as the highest tertile. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while physical activity was measured using an exercise vital sign tool. Results BMI increased significantly from Tertile 1 to Tertile 3 across all groups for FMI and FFMI (p < 0.001), while a decrease in FM/FFM was observed across tertiles (p < 0.001). Conversely, FFM was highest in the third tertile of FFMI (p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between sleep duration or quality and body composition indices, even after adjusting for age and BMI. However, significant associations were observed between physical activity frequency and duration and body composition, particularly FFMI and FMI. These associations became more pronounced after adjusting for age and BMI. Conclusion The findings highlight a strong association between physical activity patterns and body composition indices, particularly FFMI and FMI, among young adult Saudi women. While sleep patterns did not show significant relationships with body composition, the results emphasize the importance of regular physical activity in maintaining healthy body composition. These insights underline the need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity to support optimal health and well-being in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-af7fed4b78a94b1fbdf27d7cb74bfcda2025-08-20T03:05:55ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-03-0144111010.1186/s41043-025-00795-5Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults womenAlaa A. AlMasud0Shaima A. Alothman1Nada Benajiba2Seham Alqahtani3Afnan A. Alatr4Anfal A. Alshatowy5Ghadah E. Alenezy6Ghaida M. Alshahrani7Laylas A. Alhussain8Noha I. Alnashwan9Norah A. Alshimali10Nourah A. Alneghamshi11Nashmia M. Aljasser12Mashael A. Huwaikem13Tissue Biobank Section, Research Department, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityLifestyle and Health Research, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityJoint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, RDC-Nutrition AFRA/IAEA, Ibn Tofaïl University- CNESTENTissue Biobank Section, Research Department, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityClinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal UniversityClinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityNutrition Department-Deanship of Students Affairs, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityClinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal UniversityAbstract Aim To analyze the association between Fat Mass Index (FMI), Free Fat Mass Index (FFMI), Free Fat Mass/Fat Mass (FFM/FM), and Body Mass Index (BMI) among young adult Saudi women and to explore how these body composition indices are associated with sleep and physical activity patterns. Methods A total of 1,741 university female students participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using the InBody 270 body composition analyzer. FMI, FFMI, and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3), with T1 classified as the lowest and T3 as the highest tertile. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while physical activity was measured using an exercise vital sign tool. Results BMI increased significantly from Tertile 1 to Tertile 3 across all groups for FMI and FFMI (p < 0.001), while a decrease in FM/FFM was observed across tertiles (p < 0.001). Conversely, FFM was highest in the third tertile of FFMI (p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between sleep duration or quality and body composition indices, even after adjusting for age and BMI. However, significant associations were observed between physical activity frequency and duration and body composition, particularly FFMI and FMI. These associations became more pronounced after adjusting for age and BMI. Conclusion The findings highlight a strong association between physical activity patterns and body composition indices, particularly FFMI and FMI, among young adult Saudi women. While sleep patterns did not show significant relationships with body composition, the results emphasize the importance of regular physical activity in maintaining healthy body composition. These insights underline the need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity to support optimal health and well-being in this population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00795-5Fat mass indexFree fat mass indexFree fat mass/Fat massBody mass indexYoung adultsWomen
spellingShingle Alaa A. AlMasud
Shaima A. Alothman
Nada Benajiba
Seham Alqahtani
Afnan A. Alatr
Anfal A. Alshatowy
Ghadah E. Alenezy
Ghaida M. Alshahrani
Laylas A. Alhussain
Noha I. Alnashwan
Norah A. Alshimali
Nourah A. Alneghamshi
Nashmia M. Aljasser
Mashael A. Huwaikem
Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Fat mass index
Free fat mass index
Free fat mass/Fat mass
Body mass index
Young adults
Women
title Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
title_full Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
title_fullStr Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
title_full_unstemmed Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
title_short Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women
title_sort relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in saudi young adults women
topic Fat mass index
Free fat mass index
Free fat mass/Fat mass
Body mass index
Young adults
Women
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00795-5
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