Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying
In this study, the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated borage flower extract (BFE) powder were investigated under different operational conditions using a spouted bed dryer (SBD). The optimal conditions for producing the desired powder were determined using the response surface methodolog...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001465 |
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| author | Samira Darijani Mohammad Mehdi Afsahi Hamid-Reza Akhavan Ataallah Soltani Goharrizi |
| author_facet | Samira Darijani Mohammad Mehdi Afsahi Hamid-Reza Akhavan Ataallah Soltani Goharrizi |
| author_sort | Samira Darijani |
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| description | In this study, the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated borage flower extract (BFE) powder were investigated under different operational conditions using a spouted bed dryer (SBD). The optimal conditions for producing the desired powder were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to model the effect of independent parameters on the physicochemical variables, including total anthocyanin content (TAC), redness (a*), chroma (C*), moisture content, density, wettability, Carr index (CI), and Hausner ratio (HR). TAC recovery from the extract was satisfactory (31.05–34.34 %), with anthocyanin levels in the dried product at 1.18–2.5 mg/g powder. The powders had desirable moisture content (4.62–8.30 %), cohesiveness (HR = 1.04–1.33), and flowability (CI = 4.28–24.96). Air temperature inversely affected TAC, a*, C*, HR, and moisture but positively impacted wettability and flowability of the powders. The TAC, a*, and C* showed parabolic behavior with pH, initially rising then declining. Increased pH decreased density and cohesiveness but improved flowability of the powders. The maximum TAC (2.59 mg/g) was achieved using multi-objective optimization via the RSM method at 73.93 °C and pH = 1.35. Minimal discrepancies between model predictions and experimental data validated the accuracy of the equations estimating the powder's physicochemical properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af670a0f4c3d4e0da3c64be249c1002f |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Applied Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-af670a0f4c3d4e0da3c64be249c1002f2025-08-20T02:39:58ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-06-015110083610.1016/j.afres.2025.100836Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed dryingSamira Darijani0Mohammad Mehdi Afsahi1Hamid-Reza Akhavan2Ataallah Soltani Goharrizi3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranIn this study, the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated borage flower extract (BFE) powder were investigated under different operational conditions using a spouted bed dryer (SBD). The optimal conditions for producing the desired powder were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to model the effect of independent parameters on the physicochemical variables, including total anthocyanin content (TAC), redness (a*), chroma (C*), moisture content, density, wettability, Carr index (CI), and Hausner ratio (HR). TAC recovery from the extract was satisfactory (31.05–34.34 %), with anthocyanin levels in the dried product at 1.18–2.5 mg/g powder. The powders had desirable moisture content (4.62–8.30 %), cohesiveness (HR = 1.04–1.33), and flowability (CI = 4.28–24.96). Air temperature inversely affected TAC, a*, C*, HR, and moisture but positively impacted wettability and flowability of the powders. The TAC, a*, and C* showed parabolic behavior with pH, initially rising then declining. Increased pH decreased density and cohesiveness but improved flowability of the powders. The maximum TAC (2.59 mg/g) was achieved using multi-objective optimization via the RSM method at 73.93 °C and pH = 1.35. Minimal discrepancies between model predictions and experimental data validated the accuracy of the equations estimating the powder's physicochemical properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001465AnthocyaninBorage flower extractOptimizationPowder qualitySpouted bed drying |
| spellingShingle | Samira Darijani Mohammad Mehdi Afsahi Hamid-Reza Akhavan Ataallah Soltani Goharrizi Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying Applied Food Research Anthocyanin Borage flower extract Optimization Powder quality Spouted bed drying |
| title | Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| title_full | Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| title_fullStr | Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| title_short | Drying of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers extract: Optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| title_sort | drying of borage echium amoenum flowers extract optimization of encapsulation and spouted bed drying |
| topic | Anthocyanin Borage flower extract Optimization Powder quality Spouted bed drying |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001465 |
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