Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of PORT lesions presenting as satellite lesions of typical full-thickness n...

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Main Authors: Anup Kelgaonkar, Vishal Jadhav, Anamika Patel, Soumyava Basu, Avinash Pathengay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011
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author Anup Kelgaonkar
Vishal Jadhav
Anamika Patel
Soumyava Basu
Avinash Pathengay
author_facet Anup Kelgaonkar
Vishal Jadhav
Anamika Patel
Soumyava Basu
Avinash Pathengay
author_sort Anup Kelgaonkar
collection DOAJ
description PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of PORT lesions presenting as satellite lesions of typical full-thickness necrotizing Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) or isolated lesions in immunocompetent cases. RESULTS: We analyzed 34 eyes of 34 cases (22 males and 12 females). PORT lesions appeared as deep, dull, yellowish-gray outer retinal lesions, either as satellite lesions to a TRC (n = 30) or isolated macular punctate lesions (n = 4). The mean lesion size was 562 μm (50–1000). The recurrence rate was high (23.52%), manifesting as either typical TRC (n = 4) or new satellite PORT lesions (n = 4). Active lesions had hyperreflective outer retinal foci on optical coherence tomography (OCT), hyperautofluorescent in the active phase, and stippled upon resolution. Healed lesions exhibited outer nuclear layer thinning and outer retinal atrophy on OCT and were hypoautofluorescent. CONCLUSION: PORT lesions were observed as multiple punctate lesions, either adjacent to TRC in active or healed phases or as isolated macular punctate toxoplasmosis. Autofluorescence, angiography, and OCT assist in differentiating active from healed lesions. The fate of PORT lesions was healing with granularity, fading, or complete resolution. Some cases recurred with new satellite PORT lesions, whereas others progressed to typical retinochoroiditis or CNVM.
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spelling doaj-art-af55d5230f594556bc73820c09656d8a2025-08-20T03:31:48ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsTaiwan Journal of Ophthalmology2211-50562211-50722025-04-0115227027610.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosisAnup KelgaonkarVishal JadhavAnamika PatelSoumyava BasuAvinash PathengayPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of PORT lesions presenting as satellite lesions of typical full-thickness necrotizing Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) or isolated lesions in immunocompetent cases. RESULTS: We analyzed 34 eyes of 34 cases (22 males and 12 females). PORT lesions appeared as deep, dull, yellowish-gray outer retinal lesions, either as satellite lesions to a TRC (n = 30) or isolated macular punctate lesions (n = 4). The mean lesion size was 562 μm (50–1000). The recurrence rate was high (23.52%), manifesting as either typical TRC (n = 4) or new satellite PORT lesions (n = 4). Active lesions had hyperreflective outer retinal foci on optical coherence tomography (OCT), hyperautofluorescent in the active phase, and stippled upon resolution. Healed lesions exhibited outer nuclear layer thinning and outer retinal atrophy on OCT and were hypoautofluorescent. CONCLUSION: PORT lesions were observed as multiple punctate lesions, either adjacent to TRC in active or healed phases or as isolated macular punctate toxoplasmosis. Autofluorescence, angiography, and OCT assist in differentiating active from healed lesions. The fate of PORT lesions was healing with granularity, fading, or complete resolution. Some cases recurred with new satellite PORT lesions, whereas others progressed to typical retinochoroiditis or CNVM.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011autofluorescencefundus fluorescence angiographymacular punctate toxoplasmosisocular toxoplasmosisoptical coherence tomographypunctate inner retinal toxoplasmosispunctate outer retinal toxoplasmosistoxoplasma gondiitoxoplasma retinitistoxoplasma retinochoroiditis
spellingShingle Anup Kelgaonkar
Vishal Jadhav
Anamika Patel
Soumyava Basu
Avinash Pathengay
Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
autofluorescence
fundus fluorescence angiography
macular punctate toxoplasmosis
ocular toxoplasmosis
optical coherence tomography
punctate inner retinal toxoplasmosis
punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasma retinitis
toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
title Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
title_full Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
title_fullStr Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
title_full_unstemmed Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
title_short Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
title_sort clinical characteristics imaging features and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis
topic autofluorescence
fundus fluorescence angiography
macular punctate toxoplasmosis
ocular toxoplasmosis
optical coherence tomography
punctate inner retinal toxoplasmosis
punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasma retinitis
toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011
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