Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.

Natural selection occurs at multiple levels of organization in cancer. At an organismal level, natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse tumor suppression mechanisms, while at a cellular level, it favors traits that promote cellular proliferation, survival and cancer. Natural selection a...

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Main Authors: Lucie Laplane, Anaïs Lamoureux, Harley I Richker, Gissel Marquez Alcaraz, Angelo Fortunato, Zachary Shaffer, Athena Aktipis, Paul S Mischel, Anya Plutynski, Jeffrey P Townsend, Carlo C Maley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-07-01
Series:PLoS Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003290
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author Lucie Laplane
Anaïs Lamoureux
Harley I Richker
Gissel Marquez Alcaraz
Angelo Fortunato
Zachary Shaffer
Athena Aktipis
Paul S Mischel
Anya Plutynski
Jeffrey P Townsend
Carlo C Maley
author_facet Lucie Laplane
Anaïs Lamoureux
Harley I Richker
Gissel Marquez Alcaraz
Angelo Fortunato
Zachary Shaffer
Athena Aktipis
Paul S Mischel
Anya Plutynski
Jeffrey P Townsend
Carlo C Maley
author_sort Lucie Laplane
collection DOAJ
description Natural selection occurs at multiple levels of organization in cancer. At an organismal level, natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse tumor suppression mechanisms, while at a cellular level, it favors traits that promote cellular proliferation, survival and cancer. Natural selection also occurs at a subcellular level, among collections of cells and even among collections of organisms; selection at these levels could influence the evolution of cancer and cancer suppression mechanisms, affecting cancer risk and treatment strategies. There may also be cancer-like processes happening at different levels of organization, in which uncontrolled proliferation at lower levels may disrupt a higher level of organization. This Essay examines how selection operates across levels, highlighting how we might leverage this understanding to improve cancer research, prevention and treatment.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1544-9173
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS Biology
spelling doaj-art-af3737666e674f288e704f7d8757347a2025-08-20T03:44:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852025-07-01237e300329010.1371/journal.pbio.3003290Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.Lucie LaplaneAnaïs LamoureuxHarley I RichkerGissel Marquez AlcarazAngelo FortunatoZachary ShafferAthena AktipisPaul S MischelAnya PlutynskiJeffrey P TownsendCarlo C MaleyNatural selection occurs at multiple levels of organization in cancer. At an organismal level, natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse tumor suppression mechanisms, while at a cellular level, it favors traits that promote cellular proliferation, survival and cancer. Natural selection also occurs at a subcellular level, among collections of cells and even among collections of organisms; selection at these levels could influence the evolution of cancer and cancer suppression mechanisms, affecting cancer risk and treatment strategies. There may also be cancer-like processes happening at different levels of organization, in which uncontrolled proliferation at lower levels may disrupt a higher level of organization. This Essay examines how selection operates across levels, highlighting how we might leverage this understanding to improve cancer research, prevention and treatment.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003290
spellingShingle Lucie Laplane
Anaïs Lamoureux
Harley I Richker
Gissel Marquez Alcaraz
Angelo Fortunato
Zachary Shaffer
Athena Aktipis
Paul S Mischel
Anya Plutynski
Jeffrey P Townsend
Carlo C Maley
Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
PLoS Biology
title Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
title_full Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
title_fullStr Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
title_full_unstemmed Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
title_short Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.
title_sort applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003290
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