Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries

Background: Air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this study, we assess whether exposure to air pollutants and ambient temperature is associated with repeated admissions with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We used data from Medicare beneficiaries between 2000...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Yaguang Wei, Qian Di, Weeberb J. Requia, Adjani A. Peralta, Francesca Dominici, Joel D. Schwartz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Environment International
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500368X
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849433711952527360
author Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
Yaguang Wei
Qian Di
Weeberb J. Requia
Adjani A. Peralta
Francesca Dominici
Joel D. Schwartz
author_facet Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
Yaguang Wei
Qian Di
Weeberb J. Requia
Adjani A. Peralta
Francesca Dominici
Joel D. Schwartz
author_sort Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this study, we assess whether exposure to air pollutants and ambient temperature is associated with repeated admissions with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We used data from Medicare beneficiaries between 2000 and 2016 to look at the effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, NO2, O3, and temperature on second admissions with myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. We derived exposure levels from high-resolution spatiotemporal models. We adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and access-to-care characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess these relationships. We further looked at the effects of exposure at lower air pollution concentrations defined as PM2.5 < 9 µg/m3, NO2 < 25 ppb, and O3 < 50 ppb. Results: PM2.5 and NO2 increased the hazard of second admissions with both MI and stroke. For PM2.5, the effects were more pronounced for longer exposure time windows. Each µg/m3 increase in one-year PM2.5 levels before the first admission increased the hazard of a second admission with MI by 1.1% (95% CI: 1.0%-1.2%) and stroke by 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8%-1.1%). O3 exhibited a slight protective effect for both outcomes. Higher temperatures were associated with a higher hazard of second admissions with stroke. These results persisted at lower concentrations. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with increased rates of second admissions with MIs and strokes. Higher temperatures were also further associated with an increase in the rate of second admissions with stroke.
format Article
id doaj-art-af1b83afe8aa47e7a61aa218a5b00077
institution Kabale University
issn 0160-4120
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Environment International
spelling doaj-art-af1b83afe8aa47e7a61aa218a5b000772025-08-20T03:26:56ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-08-0120210961710.1016/j.envint.2025.109617Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiariesMahdieh Danesh Yazdi0Yaguang Wei1Qian Di2Weeberb J. Requia3Adjani A. Peralta4Francesca Dominici5Joel D. Schwartz6Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Corresponding author at: Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Level 3, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USABackground: Air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this study, we assess whether exposure to air pollutants and ambient temperature is associated with repeated admissions with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We used data from Medicare beneficiaries between 2000 and 2016 to look at the effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, NO2, O3, and temperature on second admissions with myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. We derived exposure levels from high-resolution spatiotemporal models. We adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and access-to-care characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess these relationships. We further looked at the effects of exposure at lower air pollution concentrations defined as PM2.5 < 9 µg/m3, NO2 < 25 ppb, and O3 < 50 ppb. Results: PM2.5 and NO2 increased the hazard of second admissions with both MI and stroke. For PM2.5, the effects were more pronounced for longer exposure time windows. Each µg/m3 increase in one-year PM2.5 levels before the first admission increased the hazard of a second admission with MI by 1.1% (95% CI: 1.0%-1.2%) and stroke by 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8%-1.1%). O3 exhibited a slight protective effect for both outcomes. Higher temperatures were associated with a higher hazard of second admissions with stroke. These results persisted at lower concentrations. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with increased rates of second admissions with MIs and strokes. Higher temperatures were also further associated with an increase in the rate of second admissions with stroke.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500368XAir pollutionTemperatureMyocardial infarctionIschemic strokeSecond events
spellingShingle Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
Yaguang Wei
Qian Di
Weeberb J. Requia
Adjani A. Peralta
Francesca Dominici
Joel D. Schwartz
Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
Environment International
Air pollution
Temperature
Myocardial infarction
Ischemic stroke
Second events
title Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
title_full Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
title_fullStr Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
title_full_unstemmed Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
title_short Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
title_sort effects of intermediate and long term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries
topic Air pollution
Temperature
Myocardial infarction
Ischemic stroke
Second events
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500368X
work_keys_str_mv AT mahdiehdaneshyazdi effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT yaguangwei effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT qiandi effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT weeberbjrequia effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT adjaniaperalta effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT francescadominici effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries
AT joeldschwartz effectsofintermediateandlongtermexposuretoambientairpollutionandtemperatureonhospitaladmissionswithsecondcardiovasculareventsamongmedicarebeneficiaries