Improved Photothermal Heating of NaNdF<sub>4</sub> Microcrystals via Low-Level Doping of Sm<sup>3+</sup> for Thermal-Responsive Upconversion Luminescence Anti-Counterfeiting

This work reports the light-to-heat conversion (LHC) behavior of NaNdF<sub>4</sub> doped with Sm<sup>3+</sup>. Due to the cross-relaxation between Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Sm<sup>3+</sup>, the improved LHC is obtainable by introducing 5% Sm<sup>3+<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ronghua Jian, Tao Pang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Inorganics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/12/12/327
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Summary:This work reports the light-to-heat conversion (LHC) behavior of NaNdF<sub>4</sub> doped with Sm<sup>3+</sup>. Due to the cross-relaxation between Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Sm<sup>3+</sup>, the improved LHC is obtainable by introducing 5% Sm<sup>3+</sup>. When the laser power density is only 1.72 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, the spot temperature of NaNdF<sub>4</sub>:5%Sm<sup>3+</sup> powder reaches as high as 138.7 ± 4.04 °C. More importantly, the photoheating response to the pump laser has favorable linear characteristics within a specific power range. A simple physical model is applied to analyze the relationship between photothermal heating and pump power. Finally, the temperature-responsive luminescence anti-counterfeiting is designed by combining the LHC material with the NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup> microcrystals. This novel strategy only requires two laser beams, and thus is more convenient to apply.
ISSN:2304-6740