Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland
Abstract Repeated dike‐intrusions often occur in zones where extensional stress has accumulated. Still, geodetic modeling of observed dike‐induced ground deformation often ignores the contribution of tectonic stress. On the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, tectonic strain build‐up h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113970 |
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| author | Sonja H. M. Greiner Freysteinn Sigmundsson Halldór Geirsson Steffi Burchardt Olivier Galland |
| author_facet | Sonja H. M. Greiner Freysteinn Sigmundsson Halldór Geirsson Steffi Burchardt Olivier Galland |
| author_sort | Sonja H. M. Greiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Repeated dike‐intrusions often occur in zones where extensional stress has accumulated. Still, geodetic modeling of observed dike‐induced ground deformation often ignores the contribution of tectonic stress. On the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, tectonic strain build‐up had been geodetically documented for three decades when a magmatic dike formed at Fagradalsfjall in 2021. We explore the contribution of tectonic stress on dike emplacement in a viscoelastic three‐dimensional Finite‐Element deformation model. Tectonic stress accumulation is initially simulated through plate motion, and later partially released by opening of a segmented rectangular dike. We find that surface deformation can be largely reproduced by releasing ∼60% of the accumulated tectonic stress. Partial stress release and low magma overpressure are consistent with successive dike intrusions and low‐intensity eruptions in the area. Our model provides an approach to consistently model stress‐release constrained by surface deformation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af0b0852648b400a93bc795db03240ae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-af0b0852648b400a93bc795db03240ae2025-08-20T03:39:00ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-04-01528n/an/a10.1029/2024GL113970Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, IcelandSonja H. M. Greiner0Freysteinn Sigmundsson1Halldór Geirsson2Steffi Burchardt3Olivier Galland4Nordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandNordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandNordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandDepartment of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDepartment of Geosciences Physics of Geological Processes The NJORD Center University of Oslo Oslo NorwayAbstract Repeated dike‐intrusions often occur in zones where extensional stress has accumulated. Still, geodetic modeling of observed dike‐induced ground deformation often ignores the contribution of tectonic stress. On the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, tectonic strain build‐up had been geodetically documented for three decades when a magmatic dike formed at Fagradalsfjall in 2021. We explore the contribution of tectonic stress on dike emplacement in a viscoelastic three‐dimensional Finite‐Element deformation model. Tectonic stress accumulation is initially simulated through plate motion, and later partially released by opening of a segmented rectangular dike. We find that surface deformation can be largely reproduced by releasing ∼60% of the accumulated tectonic stress. Partial stress release and low magma overpressure are consistent with successive dike intrusions and low‐intensity eruptions in the area. Our model provides an approach to consistently model stress‐release constrained by surface deformation.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113970Volcano tectonic interactionground deformationstressReykjanes Peninsulafinite element methoddikes |
| spellingShingle | Sonja H. M. Greiner Freysteinn Sigmundsson Halldór Geirsson Steffi Burchardt Olivier Galland Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland Geophysical Research Letters Volcano tectonic interaction ground deformation stress Reykjanes Peninsula finite element method dikes |
| title | Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland |
| title_full | Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland |
| title_fullStr | Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland |
| title_short | Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland |
| title_sort | tectonic stress as the driving mechanism for dike opening in an oblique rift setting a deformation model of the 2021 fagradalsfjall dike iceland |
| topic | Volcano tectonic interaction ground deformation stress Reykjanes Peninsula finite element method dikes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113970 |
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