Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network
Abstract We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi in India since the COVID-19 pandemic began. We collected S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates from blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fev...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93170-7 |
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| author | Nikhil Sahai Jobin John Jacob Dilesh Kumar Arunachalam Bimal Kumar Das Arti Kapil Sangeeta Pandey Shanta Dutta Debjit Chakraborty Arunima Sen Gupta Madhu Gupta Adarsh Bansal Bhavini Shah Veena Iyer Chinjal Panchal Shariqa Qureshi Karnika Saigal Diganta Saikia Deepika Gupta Savitha Nagaraj Sanju Jose Maria Thomas Sangeetha Mohan Balaji Veeraraghavan Gagandeep Kang Jacob John |
| author_facet | Nikhil Sahai Jobin John Jacob Dilesh Kumar Arunachalam Bimal Kumar Das Arti Kapil Sangeeta Pandey Shanta Dutta Debjit Chakraborty Arunima Sen Gupta Madhu Gupta Adarsh Bansal Bhavini Shah Veena Iyer Chinjal Panchal Shariqa Qureshi Karnika Saigal Diganta Saikia Deepika Gupta Savitha Nagaraj Sanju Jose Maria Thomas Sangeetha Mohan Balaji Veeraraghavan Gagandeep Kang Jacob John |
| author_sort | Nikhil Sahai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi in India since the COVID-19 pandemic began. We collected S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates from blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fever cases at eight sites in seven cities across India between 2021 and 2024. We tested the antibiotic susceptibility of 1150 S. Typhi isolates and 265 S. Paratyphi isolates via disc diffusion and determined their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone and azithromycin via broth dilution. We identified 18 S. Typhi isolates from Ahmedabad that were resistant to ceftriaxone, indicating a larger emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. Typhi in Western India with a novel plasmid profile. Furthermore, we observed yearly increases in the mean, median and 90th percentile of azithromycin MICs for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates throughout India between 2021 and 2023. Finally, we found that only 0.70% of S. Typhi isolates and 1.13% of S. Paratyphi isolates exhibited susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Our results indicate the necessity for a shift from ciprofloxacin in the treatment of enteric fever, and the importance of implementing long-term monitoring of resistance to alternative antibiotics such as azithromycin and ceftriaxone. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af05bb14e4144de38da2a1bfa6fcb06e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-af05bb14e4144de38da2a1bfa6fcb06e2025-08-20T03:13:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-93170-7Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance networkNikhil Sahai0Jobin John Jacob1Dilesh Kumar Arunachalam2Bimal Kumar Das3Arti Kapil4Sangeeta Pandey5Shanta Dutta6Debjit Chakraborty7Arunima Sen Gupta8Madhu Gupta9Adarsh Bansal10Bhavini Shah11Veena Iyer12Chinjal Panchal13Shariqa Qureshi14Karnika Saigal15Diganta Saikia16Deepika Gupta17Savitha Nagaraj18Sanju Jose19Maria Thomas20Sangeetha Mohan21Balaji Veeraraghavan22Gagandeep Kang23Jacob John24Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College VelloreDepartment of Microbiology, Christian Medical College VelloreDepartment of Community Health, Christian Medical College VelloreDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsEpidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsBacteriology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsSchool of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchSchool of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchNeuberg Supratech Reference LaboratoriesDepartment of Public Health Programme, Indian Institute of Public Health GandhinagarNeuberg Supratech Reference LaboratoriesDivision of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Chacha Nehru Bal ChikitsalayaDivision of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Chacha Nehru Bal ChikitsalayaDepartment of Pediatric Medicine, Chacha Nehru Bal ChikitsalayaDivision of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Chacha Nehru Bal ChikitsalayaDepartment of Microbiology, St. Johns Medical College HospitalDepartment of Microbiology, St. Johns Medical College HospitalDepartment of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & HospitalDepartment of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & HospitalDepartment of Microbiology, Christian Medical College VelloreWellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College VelloreDepartment of Community Health, Christian Medical College VelloreAbstract We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi in India since the COVID-19 pandemic began. We collected S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates from blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fever cases at eight sites in seven cities across India between 2021 and 2024. We tested the antibiotic susceptibility of 1150 S. Typhi isolates and 265 S. Paratyphi isolates via disc diffusion and determined their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone and azithromycin via broth dilution. We identified 18 S. Typhi isolates from Ahmedabad that were resistant to ceftriaxone, indicating a larger emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. Typhi in Western India with a novel plasmid profile. Furthermore, we observed yearly increases in the mean, median and 90th percentile of azithromycin MICs for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates throughout India between 2021 and 2023. Finally, we found that only 0.70% of S. Typhi isolates and 1.13% of S. Paratyphi isolates exhibited susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Our results indicate the necessity for a shift from ciprofloxacin in the treatment of enteric fever, and the importance of implementing long-term monitoring of resistance to alternative antibiotics such as azithromycin and ceftriaxone.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93170-7Enteric feverTyphoid feverAntimicrobial resistanceTyphiParatyphiParatyphoid fever |
| spellingShingle | Nikhil Sahai Jobin John Jacob Dilesh Kumar Arunachalam Bimal Kumar Das Arti Kapil Sangeeta Pandey Shanta Dutta Debjit Chakraborty Arunima Sen Gupta Madhu Gupta Adarsh Bansal Bhavini Shah Veena Iyer Chinjal Panchal Shariqa Qureshi Karnika Saigal Diganta Saikia Deepika Gupta Savitha Nagaraj Sanju Jose Maria Thomas Sangeetha Mohan Balaji Veeraraghavan Gagandeep Kang Jacob John Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network Scientific Reports Enteric fever Typhoid fever Antimicrobial resistance Typhi Paratyphi Paratyphoid fever |
| title | Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network |
| title_full | Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network |
| title_short | Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network |
| title_sort | antimicrobial susceptibility trends of s typhi and s paratyphi in a post covid 19 pandemic india from a multicenter surveillance network |
| topic | Enteric fever Typhoid fever Antimicrobial resistance Typhi Paratyphi Paratyphoid fever |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93170-7 |
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