Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development
Scientific debate over chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has drawn attention to venous system involvement in a series of pathologic brain conditions. In the last few decades, the MRI venography (MRV) field has developed a number of valuable sequences to better investigate structural...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Behavioural Neurology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2694504 |
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| author | M. Paoletti G. Germani R. De Icco C. Asteggiano P. Zamboni S. Bastianello |
| author_facet | M. Paoletti G. Germani R. De Icco C. Asteggiano P. Zamboni S. Bastianello |
| author_sort | M. Paoletti |
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| description | Scientific debate over chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has drawn attention to venous system involvement in a series of pathologic brain conditions. In the last few decades, the MRI venography (MRV) field has developed a number of valuable sequences to better investigate structural anatomy, vessel patency, and flow characteristics of venous drainage in the intra- and extracranial systems. A brief two-tier protocol is proposed to encompass the study of intra- and extracranial venous drainage with and without contrast administration, respectively. Contrast-enhanced protocol is based on time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRV of the whole region plus extracranial flow quantification through 2D Cine phase contrast (PC); non-contrast-enhanced protocol includes intracranial 3D PC, extracranial 2D time of flight (TOF), and 2D Cine PC flow quantification. Total scanning time is reasonable for clinical applications: approximately seven minutes is allocated for the contrast protocol (most of which is due to 2D Cine PC), while the noncontrast protocol accounts for around twenty minutes. We believe that a short though exhaustive MRI scan of the whole intra- and extracranial venous drainage system can be valuable for a variety of pathologic conditions, given the possible venous implication in several neurological conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aef8d99302904a72a9941dba37c83f3b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0953-4180 1875-8584 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioural Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-aef8d99302904a72a9941dba37c83f3b2025-02-03T05:44:37ZengWileyBehavioural Neurology0953-41801875-85842016-01-01201610.1155/2016/26945042694504Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging DevelopmentM. Paoletti0G. Germani1R. De Icco2C. Asteggiano3P. Zamboni4S. Bastianello5Institute of Radiology, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Via Mondino 2, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, ItalyInstitute of Radiology, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Translational Surgery, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Via Mondino 2, Pavia, ItalyScientific debate over chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has drawn attention to venous system involvement in a series of pathologic brain conditions. In the last few decades, the MRI venography (MRV) field has developed a number of valuable sequences to better investigate structural anatomy, vessel patency, and flow characteristics of venous drainage in the intra- and extracranial systems. A brief two-tier protocol is proposed to encompass the study of intra- and extracranial venous drainage with and without contrast administration, respectively. Contrast-enhanced protocol is based on time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRV of the whole region plus extracranial flow quantification through 2D Cine phase contrast (PC); non-contrast-enhanced protocol includes intracranial 3D PC, extracranial 2D time of flight (TOF), and 2D Cine PC flow quantification. Total scanning time is reasonable for clinical applications: approximately seven minutes is allocated for the contrast protocol (most of which is due to 2D Cine PC), while the noncontrast protocol accounts for around twenty minutes. We believe that a short though exhaustive MRI scan of the whole intra- and extracranial venous drainage system can be valuable for a variety of pathologic conditions, given the possible venous implication in several neurological conditions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2694504 |
| spellingShingle | M. Paoletti G. Germani R. De Icco C. Asteggiano P. Zamboni S. Bastianello Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development Behavioural Neurology |
| title | Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development |
| title_full | Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development |
| title_fullStr | Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development |
| title_short | Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development |
| title_sort | intra and extracranial mr venography technical notes clinical application and imaging development |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2694504 |
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