Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems

Abstract Accurate traffic sign recognition (TSR) is critical for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems. This study proposes an optimized YOLOv5-based framework to address challenges such as small-scale detection, environmental variability, and real-time processing constr...

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Main Authors: Cong Wang, Bin Zheng, Chenxing Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98111-y
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author Cong Wang
Bin Zheng
Chenxing Li
author_facet Cong Wang
Bin Zheng
Chenxing Li
author_sort Cong Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurate traffic sign recognition (TSR) is critical for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems. This study proposes an optimized YOLOv5-based framework to address challenges such as small-scale detection, environmental variability, and real-time processing constraints. Three key innovations are introduced: (1) k-means++ clustering for anchor box optimization, achieving a 77.55% average IoU (vs. 75.95% for traditional k-means) to enhance small-target detection; (2) comprehensive comparative analysis of YOLOv5 variants (s/m/x), revealing precision-speed trade-offs (99.3–99.5% mAP@0.5 vs. 32–45 ms inference time) for deployment flexibility; and (3) systematic hyperparameter tuning to maximize robustness across diverse scenarios. Leveraging the CCTSDB dataset (13,830 annotated images), experiments demonstrate the framework’s superiority: it attains 98.1% mean average precision (mAP), 98.6% recall, and 99.3% precision, outperforming Faster-RCNN and SSD by 5–8% in mAP while maintaining 45 FPS throughput. The YOLOv5s variant achieves optimal balance with 99.3% mAP@0.5 and 32 ms per-image inference, validated through rigorous statistical analysis (Tukey HSD). Robust performance in challenging conditions (e.g., small sample, backlit sample, foggy scenes) is evidenced by detection confidence exceeding 0.90. These results highlight the framework’s applicability in latency-sensitive intelligent transportation systems.
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spelling doaj-art-aef0c62488b249e590e00634f10e38fe2025-08-20T02:30:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-98111-yEfficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systemsCong Wang0Bin Zheng1Chenxing Li2School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Panzhihua UniversitySchool of Intelligent Manufacturing, Panzhihua UniversitySchool of Mathematics and Computers Big Data Science, Panzhihua UniversityAbstract Accurate traffic sign recognition (TSR) is critical for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems. This study proposes an optimized YOLOv5-based framework to address challenges such as small-scale detection, environmental variability, and real-time processing constraints. Three key innovations are introduced: (1) k-means++ clustering for anchor box optimization, achieving a 77.55% average IoU (vs. 75.95% for traditional k-means) to enhance small-target detection; (2) comprehensive comparative analysis of YOLOv5 variants (s/m/x), revealing precision-speed trade-offs (99.3–99.5% mAP@0.5 vs. 32–45 ms inference time) for deployment flexibility; and (3) systematic hyperparameter tuning to maximize robustness across diverse scenarios. Leveraging the CCTSDB dataset (13,830 annotated images), experiments demonstrate the framework’s superiority: it attains 98.1% mean average precision (mAP), 98.6% recall, and 99.3% precision, outperforming Faster-RCNN and SSD by 5–8% in mAP while maintaining 45 FPS throughput. The YOLOv5s variant achieves optimal balance with 99.3% mAP@0.5 and 32 ms per-image inference, validated through rigorous statistical analysis (Tukey HSD). Robust performance in challenging conditions (e.g., small sample, backlit sample, foggy scenes) is evidenced by detection confidence exceeding 0.90. These results highlight the framework’s applicability in latency-sensitive intelligent transportation systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98111-yTraffic sign recognitionDeep learningTarget detection
spellingShingle Cong Wang
Bin Zheng
Chenxing Li
Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
Scientific Reports
Traffic sign recognition
Deep learning
Target detection
title Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
title_full Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
title_fullStr Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
title_full_unstemmed Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
title_short Efficient traffic sign recognition using YOLO for intelligent transport systems
title_sort efficient traffic sign recognition using yolo for intelligent transport systems
topic Traffic sign recognition
Deep learning
Target detection
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98111-y
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AT binzheng efficienttrafficsignrecognitionusingyoloforintelligenttransportsystems
AT chenxingli efficienttrafficsignrecognitionusingyoloforintelligenttransportsystems