CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth

Abstract As an important food crop worldwide, maize is frequently impacted by drought stress. It is of great significance to study its drought resistance genes and mechanisms, in which DNA methylation modification in the promoter region plays a key role in regulating gene expression and stress resis...

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Main Authors: Xiaocui Yan, Mengjie Zhang, Yuan Zhong, Tinashe Zenda, Songtao Liu, Anyi Dong, Mengyu Kou, Jialong Liu, Nan Wang, Huijun Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07012-9
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author Xiaocui Yan
Mengjie Zhang
Yuan Zhong
Tinashe Zenda
Songtao Liu
Anyi Dong
Mengyu Kou
Jialong Liu
Nan Wang
Huijun Duan
author_facet Xiaocui Yan
Mengjie Zhang
Yuan Zhong
Tinashe Zenda
Songtao Liu
Anyi Dong
Mengyu Kou
Jialong Liu
Nan Wang
Huijun Duan
author_sort Xiaocui Yan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As an important food crop worldwide, maize is frequently impacted by drought stress. It is of great significance to study its drought resistance genes and mechanisms, in which DNA methylation modification in the promoter region plays a key role in regulating gene expression and stress resistance. In this study, using PEG6000 and 5-azadC to treat different drought-tolerant maize inbred lines (drought-tolerant R99 and drought-sensitive Mo17), combined with transcriptomic analysis, identified the gene ZmGST2 as being related to drought resistance. Subsequently, the methylation changes in its promoter region were further analyzed. The results indicated that the expression level of ZmGST2 was closely related to the methylation status of its promoter region under drought stress. Specifically, in drought-resistant R99, a decrease in methylation (demethylation) occurred within the CpG island of the ZmGST2 promoter region after drought treatment, which facilitated the expression of this gene and thereby enhanced drought resistance in maize. However, in the drought-sensitive Mo17, this demethylation change did not occur, resulting in reduced drought resistance. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that overexpression of ZmGST2 could enhance the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability in maize roots, improve root growth, and significantly enhance drought resistance. Overall, this study provides both a new candidate gene and a novel approach for molecular breeding aimed at enhancing maize drought resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-aef082322de749299f5f7a8559964e172025-08-20T03:07:24ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-08-0125111910.1186/s12870-025-07012-9CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growthXiaocui Yan0Mengjie Zhang1Yuan Zhong2Tinashe Zenda3Songtao Liu4Anyi Dong5Mengyu Kou6Jialong Liu7Nan Wang8Huijun Duan9State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityCrop Science Department, Faculty of Plant and Animal Sciences and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural UniversityAbstract As an important food crop worldwide, maize is frequently impacted by drought stress. It is of great significance to study its drought resistance genes and mechanisms, in which DNA methylation modification in the promoter region plays a key role in regulating gene expression and stress resistance. In this study, using PEG6000 and 5-azadC to treat different drought-tolerant maize inbred lines (drought-tolerant R99 and drought-sensitive Mo17), combined with transcriptomic analysis, identified the gene ZmGST2 as being related to drought resistance. Subsequently, the methylation changes in its promoter region were further analyzed. The results indicated that the expression level of ZmGST2 was closely related to the methylation status of its promoter region under drought stress. Specifically, in drought-resistant R99, a decrease in methylation (demethylation) occurred within the CpG island of the ZmGST2 promoter region after drought treatment, which facilitated the expression of this gene and thereby enhanced drought resistance in maize. However, in the drought-sensitive Mo17, this demethylation change did not occur, resulting in reduced drought resistance. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that overexpression of ZmGST2 could enhance the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability in maize roots, improve root growth, and significantly enhance drought resistance. Overall, this study provides both a new candidate gene and a novel approach for molecular breeding aimed at enhancing maize drought resistance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07012-9DNA methylationDrought resistanceReactive oxygen speciesGlutathione metabolismEpigenetic regulation
spellingShingle Xiaocui Yan
Mengjie Zhang
Yuan Zhong
Tinashe Zenda
Songtao Liu
Anyi Dong
Mengyu Kou
Jialong Liu
Nan Wang
Huijun Duan
CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
BMC Plant Biology
DNA methylation
Drought resistance
Reactive oxygen species
Glutathione metabolism
Epigenetic regulation
title CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
title_full CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
title_fullStr CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
title_full_unstemmed CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
title_short CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth
title_sort chh demethylation in the zmgst2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ros scavenging and root growth
topic DNA methylation
Drought resistance
Reactive oxygen species
Glutathione metabolism
Epigenetic regulation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07012-9
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