The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics

Given that anxiety disorders are common and chronic and often co-morbid with both medical and psychiatric conditions, effective and safe anxiolytic drugs are in great demand. Serotonergic agents, in particular the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhib...

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Main Author: Kim Outhoff
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2010-04-01
Series:South African Family Practice
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Online Access:https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1460
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author Kim Outhoff
author_facet Kim Outhoff
author_sort Kim Outhoff
collection DOAJ
description Given that anxiety disorders are common and chronic and often co-morbid with both medical and psychiatric conditions, effective and safe anxiolytic drugs are in great demand. Serotonergic agents, in particular the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, have an established track record for the pharmacological treatment of a wide range of anxiety disorders. Despite their slow onset of therapeutic action, their initial exacerbation of anxiety and some of their long-term unwanted effects, they remain the drugs of first choice in primary care. They are relatively safe and exhibit both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Other antidepressants, such as mirtazapine, reboxetine and agomelatine, and the 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone, are alternative agents, although the evidence of their efficacy covers a narrower spectrum of anxiety disorders. Patients with anxiety disorders who are resistant to these drugs may benefit from second-line (tricyclic antidepressants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors) or even specialist initiated thirdline (benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant or antipsychotic) therapy. None of the currently available drugs are ideal for every patient and the advantages and disadvantages of each are best considered when treatment is individualised.
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spelling doaj-art-aeed11c5c93b487a96c103acf3a2514d2025-08-20T03:47:10ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042010-04-0152210.1080/20786204.2010.108739471203The Pharmacology of AnxiolyticsKim Outhoff0University of PretoriaGiven that anxiety disorders are common and chronic and often co-morbid with both medical and psychiatric conditions, effective and safe anxiolytic drugs are in great demand. Serotonergic agents, in particular the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, have an established track record for the pharmacological treatment of a wide range of anxiety disorders. Despite their slow onset of therapeutic action, their initial exacerbation of anxiety and some of their long-term unwanted effects, they remain the drugs of first choice in primary care. They are relatively safe and exhibit both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Other antidepressants, such as mirtazapine, reboxetine and agomelatine, and the 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone, are alternative agents, although the evidence of their efficacy covers a narrower spectrum of anxiety disorders. Patients with anxiety disorders who are resistant to these drugs may benefit from second-line (tricyclic antidepressants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors) or even specialist initiated thirdline (benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant or antipsychotic) therapy. None of the currently available drugs are ideal for every patient and the advantages and disadvantages of each are best considered when treatment is individualised.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1460anxietyanxiolyticspharmacology, ssrisnritcamaoimirtazapinereboxetineagomelatinebuspironebenzodiazepineatypical antipsychoticanticonvulsant
spellingShingle Kim Outhoff
The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
South African Family Practice
anxiety
anxiolytics
pharmacology, ssri
snri
tca
maoi
mirtazapine
reboxetine
agomelatine
buspirone
benzodiazepine
atypical antipsychotic
anticonvulsant
title The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
title_full The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
title_fullStr The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
title_full_unstemmed The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
title_short The Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
title_sort pharmacology of anxiolytics
topic anxiety
anxiolytics
pharmacology, ssri
snri
tca
maoi
mirtazapine
reboxetine
agomelatine
buspirone
benzodiazepine
atypical antipsychotic
anticonvulsant
url https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1460
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