Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells
Addressing the critical challenges of interfacial defects and insufficient stability in perovskite solar cells, this work introduces a co-solvent engineering strategy to dynamically regulate the phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) passivation layer. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a DMSO: I...
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2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/699 |
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| author | Min Xin Ihtesham Ghani Yu Zhang Huaxi Gao Danish Khan Xin Yang Zeguo Tang |
| author_facet | Min Xin Ihtesham Ghani Yu Zhang Huaxi Gao Danish Khan Xin Yang Zeguo Tang |
| author_sort | Min Xin |
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| description | Addressing the critical challenges of interfacial defects and insufficient stability in perovskite solar cells, this work introduces a co-solvent engineering strategy to dynamically regulate the phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) passivation layer. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a DMSO: IPA (1:100) mixture as solvent for forming the PEACl 2D passivation layer is systematically explored, and the synergistic interplay between solvent coordination strength and crystallization kinetics is systematically investigated. The DMSO: IPA (1:100) blend balances Pb-O coordination (via DMSO) and rapid phase separation (via IPA), enabling the oriented growth of a dense, ultrathin 2D perovskite overlayer. This suppresses defect density (electron traps reduced to 1.68 × 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>) and extends carrier lifetime, yielding a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.27%—a significant improvement over the control (22.73%). For the first time, we establish a dual-parameter “solvent coordination-crystallization kinetics” model, providing a universal framework for designing environmentally benign solvent systems and advancing the industrial scalability of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aee8b09f426449cebd027147034e510b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-aee8b09f426449cebd027147034e510b2025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-0115969910.3390/nano15090699Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar CellsMin Xin0Ihtesham Ghani1Yu Zhang2Huaxi Gao3Danish Khan4Xin Yang5Zeguo Tang6School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, ChinaThe College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen 518118, ChinaThe College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen 518118, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, ChinaThe College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen 518118, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Juxian Road 768, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, ChinaThe College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Lantian Road 3002, Pingshan, Shenzhen 518118, ChinaAddressing the critical challenges of interfacial defects and insufficient stability in perovskite solar cells, this work introduces a co-solvent engineering strategy to dynamically regulate the phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) passivation layer. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a DMSO: IPA (1:100) mixture as solvent for forming the PEACl 2D passivation layer is systematically explored, and the synergistic interplay between solvent coordination strength and crystallization kinetics is systematically investigated. The DMSO: IPA (1:100) blend balances Pb-O coordination (via DMSO) and rapid phase separation (via IPA), enabling the oriented growth of a dense, ultrathin 2D perovskite overlayer. This suppresses defect density (electron traps reduced to 1.68 × 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>) and extends carrier lifetime, yielding a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.27%—a significant improvement over the control (22.73%). For the first time, we establish a dual-parameter “solvent coordination-crystallization kinetics” model, providing a universal framework for designing environmentally benign solvent systems and advancing the industrial scalability of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/699perovskite film qualityPEACl additivesolvent engineeringhigh-performance PSCs |
| spellingShingle | Min Xin Ihtesham Ghani Yu Zhang Huaxi Gao Danish Khan Xin Yang Zeguo Tang Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells Nanomaterials perovskite film quality PEACl additive solvent engineering high-performance PSCs |
| title | Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells |
| title_full | Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells |
| title_fullStr | Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells |
| title_short | Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells |
| title_sort | solvent engineered peacl passivation a pathway to 24 27 efficiency and industrially scalable perovskite solar cells |
| topic | perovskite film quality PEACl additive solvent engineering high-performance PSCs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/699 |
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