Solvent-Engineered PEACl Passivation: A Pathway to 24.27% Efficiency and Industrially Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Addressing the critical challenges of interfacial defects and insufficient stability in perovskite solar cells, this work introduces a co-solvent engineering strategy to dynamically regulate the phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) passivation layer. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a DMSO: I...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Min Xin, Ihtesham Ghani, Yu Zhang, Huaxi Gao, Danish Khan, Xin Yang, Zeguo Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/699
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Addressing the critical challenges of interfacial defects and insufficient stability in perovskite solar cells, this work introduces a co-solvent engineering strategy to dynamically regulate the phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) passivation layer. The effect of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a DMSO: IPA (1:100) mixture as solvent for forming the PEACl 2D passivation layer is systematically explored, and the synergistic interplay between solvent coordination strength and crystallization kinetics is systematically investigated. The DMSO: IPA (1:100) blend balances Pb-O coordination (via DMSO) and rapid phase separation (via IPA), enabling the oriented growth of a dense, ultrathin 2D perovskite overlayer. This suppresses defect density (electron traps reduced to 1.68 × 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>) and extends carrier lifetime, yielding a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.27%—a significant improvement over the control (22.73%). For the first time, we establish a dual-parameter “solvent coordination-crystallization kinetics” model, providing a universal framework for designing environmentally benign solvent systems and advancing the industrial scalability of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
ISSN:2079-4991