Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the predictive value of glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods A retrospective observational analysis was condu...

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Main Authors: Rong Ouyang, Han Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhao, Renyue Hu, Yi Sun, Wei Chen, Chen Qian, Yunjuan Gu, Xinlei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01867-6
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author Rong Ouyang
Han Zhang
Xiaoqin Zhao
Renyue Hu
Yi Sun
Wei Chen
Chen Qian
Yunjuan Gu
Xinlei Wang
author_facet Rong Ouyang
Han Zhang
Xiaoqin Zhao
Renyue Hu
Yi Sun
Wei Chen
Chen Qian
Yunjuan Gu
Xinlei Wang
author_sort Rong Ouyang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the predictive value of glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods A retrospective observational analysis was conducted involving 75 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 496 patients with T2DM, all of whom underwent a 3-hour OGTT, along with insulin and C-peptide release tests. Multivariate linear regression models assessed the cross-sectional associations between glucose response curve shapes and common carotid artery (CCA) diameter and intima-media thickness (IMT) in T2DM patients. Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent OGTT, the group with monophasic curves (n = 282) showed higher blood glucose levels, increased insulin resistance, and poorer pancreatic β-cell function compared to the multiphasic curve group (n = 214). Larger CCA diameters were independently associated with monophasic curves compared to multiphasic curves (regression coefficient: 0.134 [0.016, 0.252], P = 0.026). Increased IMT was independently associated with monophasic curves compared to multiphase curves (regression coefficient: 0.038 [0.001, 0.075], P = 0.045). Independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients included monophasic curve (odds ratio [OR] 2.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.300-3.121, P = 0.002), age (OR 1.040, 95% CI 1.020–1.059, P < 0.001), male sex (OR 2.107, 95% CI 1.364–3.256, P = 0.001), and duration of diabetes (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.009–1.078, P = 0.012). Conclusion The shape of the glucose response curve during OGTT was significantly linked to the risk of macrovascular complications in T2DM patients. Those with monophasic glucose curves were at an elevated risk of developing such complications.
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spelling doaj-art-aee45e0dd7db4d37bb32776b603e44942025-08-20T04:02:56ZengBMCDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome1758-59962025-07-0117111110.1186/s13098-025-01867-6Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitusRong Ouyang0Han Zhang1Xiaoqin Zhao2Renyue Hu3Yi Sun4Wei Chen5Chen Qian6Yunjuan Gu7Xinlei Wang8Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityCenter of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityAbstract Introduction This study evaluated the predictive value of glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods A retrospective observational analysis was conducted involving 75 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 496 patients with T2DM, all of whom underwent a 3-hour OGTT, along with insulin and C-peptide release tests. Multivariate linear regression models assessed the cross-sectional associations between glucose response curve shapes and common carotid artery (CCA) diameter and intima-media thickness (IMT) in T2DM patients. Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent OGTT, the group with monophasic curves (n = 282) showed higher blood glucose levels, increased insulin resistance, and poorer pancreatic β-cell function compared to the multiphasic curve group (n = 214). Larger CCA diameters were independently associated with monophasic curves compared to multiphasic curves (regression coefficient: 0.134 [0.016, 0.252], P = 0.026). Increased IMT was independently associated with monophasic curves compared to multiphase curves (regression coefficient: 0.038 [0.001, 0.075], P = 0.045). Independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients included monophasic curve (odds ratio [OR] 2.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.300-3.121, P = 0.002), age (OR 1.040, 95% CI 1.020–1.059, P < 0.001), male sex (OR 2.107, 95% CI 1.364–3.256, P = 0.001), and duration of diabetes (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.009–1.078, P = 0.012). Conclusion The shape of the glucose response curve during OGTT was significantly linked to the risk of macrovascular complications in T2DM patients. Those with monophasic glucose curves were at an elevated risk of developing such complications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01867-6Type 2 diabetes mellitusOral glucose tolerance testDiabetic macrovascular complicationsGlucose response curveCarotid atherosclerosis
spellingShingle Rong Ouyang
Han Zhang
Xiaoqin Zhao
Renyue Hu
Yi Sun
Wei Chen
Chen Qian
Yunjuan Gu
Xinlei Wang
Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Oral glucose tolerance test
Diabetic macrovascular complications
Glucose response curve
Carotid atherosclerosis
title Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_short Relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_sort relationship between glucose response curve shape during the oral glucose tolerance test and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
topic Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Oral glucose tolerance test
Diabetic macrovascular complications
Glucose response curve
Carotid atherosclerosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01867-6
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