Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis

Warming significantly impacts soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby altering global carbon cycle processes. Numerous field experiments have investigated the effects of warming on soil respiration (Rs), but the results have been inconsistent due to various factors such as ecosystem type...

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Main Authors: Xue Chen, Haibo Hu, Qi Wang, Xia Wang, Bing Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/9/1581
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author Xue Chen
Haibo Hu
Qi Wang
Xia Wang
Bing Ma
author_facet Xue Chen
Haibo Hu
Qi Wang
Xia Wang
Bing Ma
author_sort Xue Chen
collection DOAJ
description Warming significantly impacts soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby altering global carbon cycle processes. Numerous field experiments have investigated the effects of warming on soil respiration (Rs), but the results have been inconsistent due to various factors such as ecosystem type, soil warming amplitude, duration, and environmental conditions. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 1339 cases from 70 studies in terrestrial ecosystems to evaluate the response of Rs, heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and autotrophic respiration (Ra) to global warming. The results indicated that Rs, Rh, and Ra increased by 13.88%, 15.03%, and 19.72%, respectively, with a significant rise observed across different ecosystems. Generally, Rs increased with rising temperatures within a specific range (0–4 °C), whereas higher temperatures (>4 °C) did not significantly affect Rs. Moreover, Rs, Rh, and Ra exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with prolonged duration, indicating an adaptive response to climate warming. Additionally, Rs and Rh exhibit significant seasonal variations, with levels in winter being markedly higher than in summer. Furthermore, environmental factors exerted direct or indirect effects on soil respiration components. The factors’ importance for Rs was ranked as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) > mean annual temperature (MAT) > mean annual precipitation (MAP), for Rh as soil organic carbon (SOC) > MBC > MAT > MAP, and for Ra as belowground biomass (BGB) > aboveground biomass (AGB) > SOC. Future research should focus on the interactions among explanatory factors to elucidate the response mechanisms of soil respiration under global warming conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-aedc19c5013c418aa215c2af3340f9a72025-08-20T01:56:02ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-09-01149158110.3390/agriculture14091581Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-AnalysisXue Chen0Haibo Hu1Qi Wang2Xia Wang3Bing Ma4Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaKey Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Geological Environment Exploration Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Geological Environment Exploration Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211100, ChinaWarming significantly impacts soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby altering global carbon cycle processes. Numerous field experiments have investigated the effects of warming on soil respiration (Rs), but the results have been inconsistent due to various factors such as ecosystem type, soil warming amplitude, duration, and environmental conditions. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 1339 cases from 70 studies in terrestrial ecosystems to evaluate the response of Rs, heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and autotrophic respiration (Ra) to global warming. The results indicated that Rs, Rh, and Ra increased by 13.88%, 15.03%, and 19.72%, respectively, with a significant rise observed across different ecosystems. Generally, Rs increased with rising temperatures within a specific range (0–4 °C), whereas higher temperatures (>4 °C) did not significantly affect Rs. Moreover, Rs, Rh, and Ra exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with prolonged duration, indicating an adaptive response to climate warming. Additionally, Rs and Rh exhibit significant seasonal variations, with levels in winter being markedly higher than in summer. Furthermore, environmental factors exerted direct or indirect effects on soil respiration components. The factors’ importance for Rs was ranked as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) > mean annual temperature (MAT) > mean annual precipitation (MAP), for Rh as soil organic carbon (SOC) > MBC > MAT > MAP, and for Ra as belowground biomass (BGB) > aboveground biomass (AGB) > SOC. Future research should focus on the interactions among explanatory factors to elucidate the response mechanisms of soil respiration under global warming conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/9/1581soil respirationheterotrophic respirationautotrophic respirationglobal changewarming amplitudeecosystems
spellingShingle Xue Chen
Haibo Hu
Qi Wang
Xia Wang
Bing Ma
Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
Agriculture
soil respiration
heterotrophic respiration
autotrophic respiration
global change
warming amplitude
ecosystems
title Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
title_full Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
title_short Exploring the Factors Affecting Terrestrial Soil Respiration in Global Warming Manipulation Experiments Based on Meta-Analysis
title_sort exploring the factors affecting terrestrial soil respiration in global warming manipulation experiments based on meta analysis
topic soil respiration
heterotrophic respiration
autotrophic respiration
global change
warming amplitude
ecosystems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/9/1581
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