Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies have revolutionized disease detection, particularly in Medical Imaging (MI). While these technologies demonstrate outstanding performance in image classification, their integration into clinical practice remains gradual. A significant...

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Main Authors: Sushil K. Singh, Bal Virdee, Saurabh Aggarwal, Abhilash Maroju
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Erbil Polytechnic University 2025-02-01
Series:Polytechnic Journal
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Online Access:https://polytechnic-journal.epu.edu.iq/home/vol15/iss1/1
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author Sushil K. Singh
Bal Virdee
Saurabh Aggarwal
Abhilash Maroju
author_facet Sushil K. Singh
Bal Virdee
Saurabh Aggarwal
Abhilash Maroju
author_sort Sushil K. Singh
collection DOAJ
description Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies have revolutionized disease detection, particularly in Medical Imaging (MI). While these technologies demonstrate outstanding performance in image classification, their integration into clinical practice remains gradual. A significant challenge lies in the opacity of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models, which provide predictions without explaining their structure. This lack of transparency poses severe issues in the healthcare industry, as trust in automated technologies is critical for doctors, patients, and other stakeholders. Concerns about liability in autonomous car accidents are comparable to those associated with deep learning applications in medical imaging. Errors such as false positives and false negatives can negatively affect patients' health. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools aim to address these issues by offering understandable insights into predictive models. These tools can enhance confidence in AI systems, accelerate the diagnostic process, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Driven by the motivation to advance technological applications, this work provides a comprehensive review of Explainable AI (XAI) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques tailored for biomedical imaging diagnostics. It examines the state-of-the-art methods, evaluates their clinical applicability, and highlights key challenges, including interpretability, scalability, and integration into healthcare. Additionally, the review identifies emerging trends and potential future directions in XAI research, offering a structured categorization of techniques based on their suitability for diverse diagnostic tasks. These findings are invaluable for healthcare professionals seeking accurate and reliable diagnostic support, policymakers addressing regulatory and ethical considerations, and AI developers aiming to design systems that balance innovation, safety, and clinical transparency.
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spelling doaj-art-aed7fa64541b4a88a8a270221d4712fb2025-08-20T03:04:33ZengErbil Polytechnic UniversityPolytechnic Journal2707-77992025-02-01151115https://doi.org/10.59341/2707-7799.1845Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A ReviewSushil K. Singh0Bal Virdee1Saurabh Aggarwal2Abhilash Maroju3Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, IndiaLondon Metropolitan University, Centre for Communications Technology, School of Computing and Digital Media, UKSan Jose State University, USADepartment of Information Technology, University of the Cumberlands, USAArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies have revolutionized disease detection, particularly in Medical Imaging (MI). While these technologies demonstrate outstanding performance in image classification, their integration into clinical practice remains gradual. A significant challenge lies in the opacity of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models, which provide predictions without explaining their structure. This lack of transparency poses severe issues in the healthcare industry, as trust in automated technologies is critical for doctors, patients, and other stakeholders. Concerns about liability in autonomous car accidents are comparable to those associated with deep learning applications in medical imaging. Errors such as false positives and false negatives can negatively affect patients' health. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools aim to address these issues by offering understandable insights into predictive models. These tools can enhance confidence in AI systems, accelerate the diagnostic process, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Driven by the motivation to advance technological applications, this work provides a comprehensive review of Explainable AI (XAI) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques tailored for biomedical imaging diagnostics. It examines the state-of-the-art methods, evaluates their clinical applicability, and highlights key challenges, including interpretability, scalability, and integration into healthcare. Additionally, the review identifies emerging trends and potential future directions in XAI research, offering a structured categorization of techniques based on their suitability for diverse diagnostic tasks. These findings are invaluable for healthcare professionals seeking accurate and reliable diagnostic support, policymakers addressing regulatory and ethical considerations, and AI developers aiming to design systems that balance innovation, safety, and clinical transparency.https://polytechnic-journal.epu.edu.iq/home/vol15/iss1/1explainable ai (xai),deep neural networks (dnn),medical imaging,disease diagnosis,transparency in ai
spellingShingle Sushil K. Singh
Bal Virdee
Saurabh Aggarwal
Abhilash Maroju
Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
Polytechnic Journal
explainable ai (xai),
deep neural networks (dnn),
medical imaging,
disease diagnosis,
transparency in ai
title Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
title_full Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
title_fullStr Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
title_short Incorporation of XAI and Deep Learning in Biomedical Imaging: A Review
title_sort incorporation of xai and deep learning in biomedical imaging a review
topic explainable ai (xai),
deep neural networks (dnn),
medical imaging,
disease diagnosis,
transparency in ai
url https://polytechnic-journal.epu.edu.iq/home/vol15/iss1/1
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AT abhilashmaroju incorporationofxaianddeeplearninginbiomedicalimagingareview