Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity

Purpose – This study investigates the impact of ESG performance on earnings management practices in Indonesia and also examines whether gender diversity on the board of commissioners moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The sample of this study consisted of nonfinancial compani...

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Main Authors: Vincentia Anindha Primacintya, Indra Wijaya Kusuma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Emerald Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:AJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research)
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AJAR-12-2023-0414/full/pdf
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author Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
Indra Wijaya Kusuma
author_facet Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
Indra Wijaya Kusuma
author_sort Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
collection DOAJ
description Purpose – This study investigates the impact of ESG performance on earnings management practices in Indonesia and also examines whether gender diversity on the board of commissioners moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The sample of this study consisted of nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2022. ESG performance is proxied by the ESG score; earnings management is calculated by the Jones modified model. Gender diversity is represented by the proportion of female board commissioners. This research employs a balanced panel; after conducting model tests, the common effect model is used to test the first hypothesis, and the fixed effect model is applied to test the second hypothesis. Findings – This study provides empirical evidence that higher ESG performance in a company is associated with lower earnings management. Companies with a diverse gender composition on their board of commissioners demonstrate a stronger negative relationship between ESG performance and earnings management. Research limitations/implications – Empirical evidence on company ESG performance is important because Indonesia, as a G20 member, is striving to maximize the implementation of the SDGs. This study provides empirical evidence on the significance of Goal 5 of the SDGs, which pertains to gender equality in Indonesia. Originality/value – This study complements previous research on ESG in Indonesia by providing empirical evidence on the impact of strong ESG performance among companies. Referring to Indonesia’s two-tier board system and Goal 5 of the SDGs, which focuses on gender equality, this study examines the value of gender diversity on the board of commissioners.
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spelling doaj-art-aed5ffed55474b17a2c554ece0a5bba62025-08-20T02:10:25ZengEmerald PublishingAJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research)2459-97002443-41752025-06-0110329431410.1108/AJAR-12-2023-0414Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversityVincentia Anindha Primacintya0Indra Wijaya Kusuma1Faculty of Business, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaPurpose – This study investigates the impact of ESG performance on earnings management practices in Indonesia and also examines whether gender diversity on the board of commissioners moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The sample of this study consisted of nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2022. ESG performance is proxied by the ESG score; earnings management is calculated by the Jones modified model. Gender diversity is represented by the proportion of female board commissioners. This research employs a balanced panel; after conducting model tests, the common effect model is used to test the first hypothesis, and the fixed effect model is applied to test the second hypothesis. Findings – This study provides empirical evidence that higher ESG performance in a company is associated with lower earnings management. Companies with a diverse gender composition on their board of commissioners demonstrate a stronger negative relationship between ESG performance and earnings management. Research limitations/implications – Empirical evidence on company ESG performance is important because Indonesia, as a G20 member, is striving to maximize the implementation of the SDGs. This study provides empirical evidence on the significance of Goal 5 of the SDGs, which pertains to gender equality in Indonesia. Originality/value – This study complements previous research on ESG in Indonesia by providing empirical evidence on the impact of strong ESG performance among companies. Referring to Indonesia’s two-tier board system and Goal 5 of the SDGs, which focuses on gender equality, this study examines the value of gender diversity on the board of commissioners.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AJAR-12-2023-0414/full/pdfEarnings managementSDG 5ESGGender diversityFemale board of commissioners
spellingShingle Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
Indra Wijaya Kusuma
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
AJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research)
Earnings management
SDG 5
ESG
Gender diversity
Female board of commissioners
title Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
title_full Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
title_fullStr Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
title_full_unstemmed Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
title_short Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and earnings management: the role of gender diversity
title_sort environmental social and governance esg performance and earnings management the role of gender diversity
topic Earnings management
SDG 5
ESG
Gender diversity
Female board of commissioners
url https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AJAR-12-2023-0414/full/pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT vincentiaanindhaprimacintya environmentalsocialandgovernanceesgperformanceandearningsmanagementtheroleofgenderdiversity
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