TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism

Summary: Tlx3, a master regulator of the fate specification of excitatory neurons, is primarily known to function in post-mitotic cells. Although we have previously identified TLX3 expression in the proliferating granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) of cerebellum, its primary role is unknown. Here, we...

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Main Authors: Surendran Parvathy, Budhaditya Basu, Suresh Surya, Rahul Jose, Vadakkath Meera, Paul Ann Riya, Nair Pradeep Jyothi, Rajendran Sanalkumar, Viviane Praz, Nicolò Riggi, Biju Surendran Nair, Kamalesh K. Gulia, Mukesh Kumar, Balachandran Krishnamma Binukumar, Jackson James
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224024854
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author Surendran Parvathy
Budhaditya Basu
Suresh Surya
Rahul Jose
Vadakkath Meera
Paul Ann Riya
Nair Pradeep Jyothi
Rajendran Sanalkumar
Viviane Praz
Nicolò Riggi
Biju Surendran Nair
Kamalesh K. Gulia
Mukesh Kumar
Balachandran Krishnamma Binukumar
Jackson James
author_facet Surendran Parvathy
Budhaditya Basu
Suresh Surya
Rahul Jose
Vadakkath Meera
Paul Ann Riya
Nair Pradeep Jyothi
Rajendran Sanalkumar
Viviane Praz
Nicolò Riggi
Biju Surendran Nair
Kamalesh K. Gulia
Mukesh Kumar
Balachandran Krishnamma Binukumar
Jackson James
author_sort Surendran Parvathy
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Tlx3, a master regulator of the fate specification of excitatory neurons, is primarily known to function in post-mitotic cells. Although we have previously identified TLX3 expression in the proliferating granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) of cerebellum, its primary role is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the dysfunction of Tlx3 from the GNPs significantly reduced its proliferation through regulating anti-proliferative genes. Consequently, the altered generation of GNPs resulted in cerebellar hypoplasia, patterning defects, granule neuron-Purkinje ratio imbalance, and aberrant synaptic connections in the cerebellum. This altered cerebellar homeostasis manifested into a typical autism-like behavior in mice with motor, and social function disabilities. We also show the presence of TLX3 variants with uncharacterized mutations in human cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altogether, our study establishes Tlx3 as a critical gene involved in developing GNPs and that its deletion from the early developmental stage culminates in autism.
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spelling doaj-art-aecadb74d7004793bc3b59c2ed742ca82025-08-20T02:39:48ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422024-12-01271211126010.1016/j.isci.2024.111260TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autismSurendran Parvathy0Budhaditya Basu1Suresh Surya2Rahul Jose3Vadakkath Meera4Paul Ann Riya5Nair Pradeep Jyothi6Rajendran Sanalkumar7Viviane Praz8Nicolò Riggi9Biju Surendran Nair10Kamalesh K. Gulia11Mukesh Kumar12Balachandran Krishnamma Binukumar13Jackson James14Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaCHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005 Lausanne, SwitzerlandCHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005 Lausanne, SwitzerlandCHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, IndiaDivision of Sleep Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, IndiaInstitute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi 110025, IndiaInstitute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi 110025, IndiaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Research Centre, The University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India; Corresponding authorSummary: Tlx3, a master regulator of the fate specification of excitatory neurons, is primarily known to function in post-mitotic cells. Although we have previously identified TLX3 expression in the proliferating granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) of cerebellum, its primary role is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the dysfunction of Tlx3 from the GNPs significantly reduced its proliferation through regulating anti-proliferative genes. Consequently, the altered generation of GNPs resulted in cerebellar hypoplasia, patterning defects, granule neuron-Purkinje ratio imbalance, and aberrant synaptic connections in the cerebellum. This altered cerebellar homeostasis manifested into a typical autism-like behavior in mice with motor, and social function disabilities. We also show the presence of TLX3 variants with uncharacterized mutations in human cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altogether, our study establishes Tlx3 as a critical gene involved in developing GNPs and that its deletion from the early developmental stage culminates in autism.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224024854NeuroscienceMolecular NeuroscienceCellular NeuroscienceOmicsTranscriptomics
spellingShingle Surendran Parvathy
Budhaditya Basu
Suresh Surya
Rahul Jose
Vadakkath Meera
Paul Ann Riya
Nair Pradeep Jyothi
Rajendran Sanalkumar
Viviane Praz
Nicolò Riggi
Biju Surendran Nair
Kamalesh K. Gulia
Mukesh Kumar
Balachandran Krishnamma Binukumar
Jackson James
TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
iScience
Neuroscience
Molecular Neuroscience
Cellular Neuroscience
Omics
Transcriptomics
title TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
title_full TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
title_fullStr TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
title_full_unstemmed TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
title_short TLX3 regulates CGN progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
title_sort tlx3 regulates cgn progenitor proliferation during cerebellum development and its dysfunction can lead to autism
topic Neuroscience
Molecular Neuroscience
Cellular Neuroscience
Omics
Transcriptomics
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224024854
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