The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping

Detecting bright point scatterers plays an important role in assessing the quality of many sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging systems, especially for characterizing the resolution. Traditionally, prominent scatterers, also known as coherent scatterers, are usually detected by employing thr...

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Main Authors: Gregory D. Vetaw, Suren Jayasuriya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1037
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author Gregory D. Vetaw
Suren Jayasuriya
author_facet Gregory D. Vetaw
Suren Jayasuriya
author_sort Gregory D. Vetaw
collection DOAJ
description Detecting bright point scatterers plays an important role in assessing the quality of many sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging systems, especially for characterizing the resolution. Traditionally, prominent scatterers, also known as coherent scatterers, are usually detected by employing thresholding techniques alongside statistical measures in the detection processing chain. However, these methods can perform poorly in detecting point-like scatterers in relatively high levels of speckle background and can distort the structure of the scatterer when visualized. This paper introduces a fast image-processing method to visually identify and detect point scatterers in synthetic aperture imagery using the bright feature transform (BFT). The BFT is analytic, computationally inexpensive, and requires no thresholding or parameter tuning. We derive this method by analyzing an ideal point scatterer’s response with respect to pixel intensity and contrast around neighboring pixels and non-adjacent pixels. We show that this method preserves the general structure and the width of the bright scatterer while performing tone mapping, which can then be used for downstream image characterization and analysis. We then modify the BFT to present a difference of trigonometric functions to mitigate speckle scatterers and other random noise sources found in the imagery. We evaluate the performance of our methods on simulated and real synthetic aperture sonar and radar images, and show qualitative results on how the methods perform tone mapping on reconstructed input imagery in such a way to highlight the bright scatterer, which is insensitive to seafloor textures and high speckle noise levels.
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spelling doaj-art-aebe949a10ae46bb8571d1e41f42e8b72025-08-20T01:48:54ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01176103710.3390/rs17061037The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone MappingGregory D. Vetaw0Suren Jayasuriya1The School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USAThe School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USADetecting bright point scatterers plays an important role in assessing the quality of many sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging systems, especially for characterizing the resolution. Traditionally, prominent scatterers, also known as coherent scatterers, are usually detected by employing thresholding techniques alongside statistical measures in the detection processing chain. However, these methods can perform poorly in detecting point-like scatterers in relatively high levels of speckle background and can distort the structure of the scatterer when visualized. This paper introduces a fast image-processing method to visually identify and detect point scatterers in synthetic aperture imagery using the bright feature transform (BFT). The BFT is analytic, computationally inexpensive, and requires no thresholding or parameter tuning. We derive this method by analyzing an ideal point scatterer’s response with respect to pixel intensity and contrast around neighboring pixels and non-adjacent pixels. We show that this method preserves the general structure and the width of the bright scatterer while performing tone mapping, which can then be used for downstream image characterization and analysis. We then modify the BFT to present a difference of trigonometric functions to mitigate speckle scatterers and other random noise sources found in the imagery. We evaluate the performance of our methods on simulated and real synthetic aperture sonar and radar images, and show qualitative results on how the methods perform tone mapping on reconstructed input imagery in such a way to highlight the bright scatterer, which is insensitive to seafloor textures and high speckle noise levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1037point scatterersynthetic aperture radarsynthetic aperture sonar
spellingShingle Gregory D. Vetaw
Suren Jayasuriya
The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
Remote Sensing
point scatterer
synthetic aperture radar
synthetic aperture sonar
title The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
title_full The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
title_fullStr The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
title_full_unstemmed The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
title_short The Bright Feature Transform for Prominent Point Scatterer Detection and Tone Mapping
title_sort bright feature transform for prominent point scatterer detection and tone mapping
topic point scatterer
synthetic aperture radar
synthetic aperture sonar
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1037
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