Study of the Shock Absorption Effectiveness of Air Cushions
Aim: Safety air cushions play a key role in the Polish rescue system. The basic principles of operation of the jump cushion are based on controlled absorption of the kinetic energy of the human body falling from a great height. Thanks to the use of air layers and flexible energy-absorbing materials,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection - National Research Institute
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Safety & Fire Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://sft.cnbop.pl/pdf/SFT-Vol.-64-Issue-2-2024-pp.-20-45.pdf |
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| Summary: | Aim: Safety air cushions play a key role in the Polish rescue system. The basic principles of operation of the jump cushion are based on controlled
absorption of the kinetic energy of the human body falling from a great height. Thanks to the use of air layers and flexible energy-absorbing materials, the
jump cushion is able to reduce the overload affecting the human body during contact with the shock-absorbing surface. The mechanism of impact overload
during a fall involves a sudden deceleration and the accumulation of forces acting on the body, which creates a risk of injuries such as fractures, damage
to internal organs or concussion. In order to ensure an optimal level of safety while minimising the risk of serious injuries to both rescuers and rescued
people, it is important to understand the excessive deceleration mechanisms during a fall from a significant height. Safety air cushions are designed to
slow the body down in a controlled manner by spreading kinetic energy over a larger surface area and for a longer period of time, which reduces the risk
of serious injury. Typical g-forces on a well-designed air cushion are in the range of 5-10 g and exceeding them significantly increases the risk of injury.
Methodology: series of experiments was conducted, where drop test manikins weighting 40 kg to 90 kg and equipped with accelerometers were thrown
from height of 16 metres onto jump cushion targets. During these experiments, various jump cushions from different manufacturers with air-filled frames
fed via air tanks were used. The data gathered together with video recordings of those tests were then thoroughly analysed.
Conclusions: The research results established acceptable levels of g-force overload for the human body in specific boundary conditions. The data
were confirmed consistent with the results accessible in the available literature and enabled the development of technical and operational requirements
for safety cushions. The research emphasises the importance of refining the technical parameters of safety air cushions in order to ensure safety and
minimise the risk of injuries during rescue operations. In the future, it may be necessary to conduct tests with a manikin of greater mass, which is dictated
by the social tendency to gain weight, and to not limit falls to other places on the upper surface of the jump cushion, which may be significant for the
magnitude of the overload occurring.
Keywords: air cushion, jump cushion, biomechanical overload, air-filled frame, air cushions, impact (shock) absorption technologies |
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| ISSN: | 2657-8808 2658-0810 |