Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) comprises an autoimmune disorder marked by muscle weakness and fatigue. MG has been associated with comorbid conditions, including dyslipidemia (DL), which may exacerbate the clinical burden of MG and impact the overall quality of...

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Main Authors: Vasileios Giannopapas, Vassiliki Smyrni, Georgia Papagiannopoulou, Stavroula Salakou, Dimitrios K. Kitsos, Ilianna Bethani, Christina Zompola, John S. Tzartos, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Sotirios Giannopoulos, Maria Kosmidou
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1067
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author Vasileios Giannopapas
Vassiliki Smyrni
Georgia Papagiannopoulou
Stavroula Salakou
Dimitrios K. Kitsos
Ilianna Bethani
Christina Zompola
John S. Tzartos
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Sotirios Giannopoulos
Maria Kosmidou
author_facet Vasileios Giannopapas
Vassiliki Smyrni
Georgia Papagiannopoulou
Stavroula Salakou
Dimitrios K. Kitsos
Ilianna Bethani
Christina Zompola
John S. Tzartos
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Sotirios Giannopoulos
Maria Kosmidou
author_sort Vasileios Giannopapas
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) comprises an autoimmune disorder marked by muscle weakness and fatigue. MG has been associated with comorbid conditions, including dyslipidemia (DL), which may exacerbate the clinical burden of MG and impact the overall quality of life. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of DL in patients with MG. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Primary outcomes included the pooled prevalence of DL in MG patients, and the relative risk of DL compared to healthy controls. <i>Results</i>: Nineteen studies involving 98,947 MG patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of DL was 23.64% (95% CI: 17.01–30.98). The relative risk of DL in MG patients versus controls was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.53–2.41), indicating no significant increase. Meta-regression revealed a positive correlation between DL prevalence and MG onset age (β = 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a 2% rise in DL prevalence per 1-year increase in onset age. Regional subgroup analysis showed a statistical trend of higher DL prevalence in the USA (33.02%) compared to Asia (19.89%) and Europe (17.5%). <i>Conclusions</i>: This study found that approximately one in four MG patients has comorbid DL, with MG onset age significantly influencing DL prevalence. These findings highlight the need for personalized management strategies and evaluations (e.g., statins, LP(a) levels). Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological links between MG and DL.
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spelling doaj-art-aeb170e3016d49c4acdd136de6e783042025-08-20T03:16:34ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01616106710.3390/medicina61061067Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisVasileios Giannopapas0Vassiliki Smyrni1Georgia Papagiannopoulou2Stavroula Salakou3Dimitrios K. Kitsos4Ilianna Bethani5Christina Zompola6John S. Tzartos7Georgios Tsivgoulis8Sotirios Giannopoulos9Maria Kosmidou10Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceThird Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) comprises an autoimmune disorder marked by muscle weakness and fatigue. MG has been associated with comorbid conditions, including dyslipidemia (DL), which may exacerbate the clinical burden of MG and impact the overall quality of life. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of DL in patients with MG. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Primary outcomes included the pooled prevalence of DL in MG patients, and the relative risk of DL compared to healthy controls. <i>Results</i>: Nineteen studies involving 98,947 MG patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of DL was 23.64% (95% CI: 17.01–30.98). The relative risk of DL in MG patients versus controls was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.53–2.41), indicating no significant increase. Meta-regression revealed a positive correlation between DL prevalence and MG onset age (β = 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a 2% rise in DL prevalence per 1-year increase in onset age. Regional subgroup analysis showed a statistical trend of higher DL prevalence in the USA (33.02%) compared to Asia (19.89%) and Europe (17.5%). <i>Conclusions</i>: This study found that approximately one in four MG patients has comorbid DL, with MG onset age significantly influencing DL prevalence. These findings highlight the need for personalized management strategies and evaluations (e.g., statins, LP(a) levels). Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological links between MG and DL.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1067myasthenia gravisdyslipidemiaautoimmune disordersprevalence
spellingShingle Vasileios Giannopapas
Vassiliki Smyrni
Georgia Papagiannopoulou
Stavroula Salakou
Dimitrios K. Kitsos
Ilianna Bethani
Christina Zompola
John S. Tzartos
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Sotirios Giannopoulos
Maria Kosmidou
Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Medicina
myasthenia gravis
dyslipidemia
autoimmune disorders
prevalence
title Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Dyslipidemia in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort dyslipidemia in myasthenia gravis a systematic review and meta analysis
topic myasthenia gravis
dyslipidemia
autoimmune disorders
prevalence
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1067
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