Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis

Abstract Emojis have become vital in virtual communication, mimicking facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions. This study investigates their influence on emotional perception and autonomic responses during non‐face‐to‐face interactions. Hundred healthy participants (50 men, 50 women) age...

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Main Authors: Deeksha Patel, Abhinav Dixit, Om Lata Bhagat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Physiological Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70225
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author Deeksha Patel
Abhinav Dixit
Om Lata Bhagat
author_facet Deeksha Patel
Abhinav Dixit
Om Lata Bhagat
author_sort Deeksha Patel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Emojis have become vital in virtual communication, mimicking facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions. This study investigates their influence on emotional perception and autonomic responses during non‐face‐to‐face interactions. Hundred healthy participants (50 men, 50 women) aged 18–40 years were recruited. The emotional Stroop task (EST), incorporating emojis with congruent and incongruent emotional words, was used to assess emotional valence. Electrodermal activity (SCL and SCR amplitude) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured during task performance. Both SCL and SCR amplitudes were significantly higher in congruent and incongruent blocks compared to the neutral block, indicating increased sympathetic activity. RSA was significantly lower in these blocks, reflecting parasympathetic withdrawal. These findings suggest heightened autonomic responses during emoji‐word EST. Emojis effectively evoke autonomic responses, influencing both sympathetic (EDA) and parasympathetic (RSA) systems. No gender differences were observed in autonomic reactions to emojis. This study highlights the potential of emojis as stimuli for emotion, cognitive and physiological research.
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spelling doaj-art-aeb159afd3da45ddae7866ca6d6eaa6e2025-08-20T02:12:38ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-04-01137n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70225Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysisDeeksha Patel0Abhinav Dixit1Om Lata Bhagat2Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Rajasthan IndiaCognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Rajasthan IndiaAutonomic Function Test Laboratory, Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Rajasthan IndiaAbstract Emojis have become vital in virtual communication, mimicking facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions. This study investigates their influence on emotional perception and autonomic responses during non‐face‐to‐face interactions. Hundred healthy participants (50 men, 50 women) aged 18–40 years were recruited. The emotional Stroop task (EST), incorporating emojis with congruent and incongruent emotional words, was used to assess emotional valence. Electrodermal activity (SCL and SCR amplitude) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured during task performance. Both SCL and SCR amplitudes were significantly higher in congruent and incongruent blocks compared to the neutral block, indicating increased sympathetic activity. RSA was significantly lower in these blocks, reflecting parasympathetic withdrawal. These findings suggest heightened autonomic responses during emoji‐word EST. Emojis effectively evoke autonomic responses, influencing both sympathetic (EDA) and parasympathetic (RSA) systems. No gender differences were observed in autonomic reactions to emojis. This study highlights the potential of emojis as stimuli for emotion, cognitive and physiological research.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70225autonomic nervous systemelectrodermal Activityemojisemotional Stroop taskrespiratory sinus arrhythmia
spellingShingle Deeksha Patel
Abhinav Dixit
Om Lata Bhagat
Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
Physiological Reports
autonomic nervous system
electrodermal Activity
emojis
emotional Stroop task
respiratory sinus arrhythmia
title Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
title_full Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
title_fullStr Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
title_full_unstemmed Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
title_short Autonomic arousal to emojis: Electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
title_sort autonomic arousal to emojis electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis
topic autonomic nervous system
electrodermal Activity
emojis
emotional Stroop task
respiratory sinus arrhythmia
url https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70225
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AT abhinavdixit autonomicarousaltoemojiselectrodermalactivityandrespiratorysinusarrhythmiaanalysis
AT omlatabhagat autonomicarousaltoemojiselectrodermalactivityandrespiratorysinusarrhythmiaanalysis