Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors

Abstract While numerous studies have examined factors associated with climate-friendly beliefs and behaviors, a systematic, cross-national ranking of their key correlates is lacking. We use interpretable machine learning to quantify the extent to which different climate-relevant outcomes (climate ch...

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Main Authors: Boryana Todorova, David Steyrl, Matthew J. Hornsey, Samuel Pearson, Cameron Brick, Florian Lange, Jay J. Van Bavel, Madalina Vlasceanu, Claus Lamm, Kimberly C. Doell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Climate Action
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-025-00251-4
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author Boryana Todorova
David Steyrl
Matthew J. Hornsey
Samuel Pearson
Cameron Brick
Florian Lange
Jay J. Van Bavel
Madalina Vlasceanu
Claus Lamm
Kimberly C. Doell
author_facet Boryana Todorova
David Steyrl
Matthew J. Hornsey
Samuel Pearson
Cameron Brick
Florian Lange
Jay J. Van Bavel
Madalina Vlasceanu
Claus Lamm
Kimberly C. Doell
author_sort Boryana Todorova
collection DOAJ
description Abstract While numerous studies have examined factors associated with climate-friendly beliefs and behaviors, a systematic, cross-national ranking of their key correlates is lacking. We use interpretable machine learning to quantify the extent to which different climate-relevant outcomes (climate change belief, policy support, willingness to share information on social media, and a pro-environmental behavioral task) are predictable and to rank 19 individual- and nation-level predictors in terms of their importance across 55 countries (N = 4635). We find notable differences in explained variance for the outcomes (e.g., 57% for climate change belief vs. 10% for pro-environmental behavior). Four predictors had consistent effects across all outcomes: environmentalist identity, trust in climate science, internal environmental motivation, and the Human Development Index. However, most of the predictors show divergent patterns, predicting some but not all outcomes or even having opposite effects. To better capture this complexity, future models should include multi-level factors and consider the different contexts (e.g., public vs private) in which climate-related cognition and action emerge.
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issn 2731-9814
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Climate Action
spelling doaj-art-aeb097ec58094724bb406053c0bd96932025-08-20T03:09:21ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate Action2731-98142025-05-014111210.1038/s44168-025-00251-4Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviorsBoryana Todorova0David Steyrl1Matthew J. Hornsey2Samuel Pearson3Cameron Brick4Florian Lange5Jay J. Van Bavel6Madalina Vlasceanu7Claus Lamm8Kimberly C. Doell9Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaBusiness School, University of QueenslandBusiness School, University of QueenslandDepartment of Psychology, University of AmsterdamBehavioral Economics and Engineering Group, KU LeuvenDepartment of Psychology, New York University; New York UniversityDepartment of Environmental Social Sciences, Stanford Doerr School of SustainabilityDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaAbstract While numerous studies have examined factors associated with climate-friendly beliefs and behaviors, a systematic, cross-national ranking of their key correlates is lacking. We use interpretable machine learning to quantify the extent to which different climate-relevant outcomes (climate change belief, policy support, willingness to share information on social media, and a pro-environmental behavioral task) are predictable and to rank 19 individual- and nation-level predictors in terms of their importance across 55 countries (N = 4635). We find notable differences in explained variance for the outcomes (e.g., 57% for climate change belief vs. 10% for pro-environmental behavior). Four predictors had consistent effects across all outcomes: environmentalist identity, trust in climate science, internal environmental motivation, and the Human Development Index. However, most of the predictors show divergent patterns, predicting some but not all outcomes or even having opposite effects. To better capture this complexity, future models should include multi-level factors and consider the different contexts (e.g., public vs private) in which climate-related cognition and action emerge.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-025-00251-4
spellingShingle Boryana Todorova
David Steyrl
Matthew J. Hornsey
Samuel Pearson
Cameron Brick
Florian Lange
Jay J. Van Bavel
Madalina Vlasceanu
Claus Lamm
Kimberly C. Doell
Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
npj Climate Action
title Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
title_full Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
title_fullStr Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
title_short Machine learning identifies key individual and nation-level factors predicting climate-relevant beliefs and behaviors
title_sort machine learning identifies key individual and nation level factors predicting climate relevant beliefs and behaviors
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-025-00251-4
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