Online Pre-Diagnosis of Multiple Faults in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by Convolutional Neural Network Based Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory Parallel Model with Attention Mechanism
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fault diagnosis faces two critical limitations: conventional offline methods lack real-time predictive capability, while existing prediction approaches are confined to single fault types. To address these gaps, this study proposes an online multi-fault pred...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2669 |
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| Summary: | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fault diagnosis faces two critical limitations: conventional offline methods lack real-time predictive capability, while existing prediction approaches are confined to single fault types. To address these gaps, this study proposes an online multi-fault prediction framework integrating three novel contributions: (1) a sensor fusion strategy leveraging existing thermal/electrochemical measurements (voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and pressure) without requiring embedded stack sensors; (2) a real-time sliding window mechanism enabling dynamic prediction updates every 1 s under variable load conditions; and (3) a modified CNN-based Bi-LSTM parallel model with attention mechanism (ConvBLSTM-PMwA) architecture featuring multi-input multi-output (MIMO) capability for simultaneous flooding/air-starvation detection. Through comparative analysis of different neural architectures using experimental datasets, the optimized ConvBLSTM-PMwA achieved 96.49% accuracy in predicting dual faults 64.63 s pre-occurrence, outperforming conventional LSTM models in both temporal resolution and long-term forecast reliability. |
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| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |