Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis

Arsenic (As) contamination is considered a major threat to groundwater quality and human health. The uneven distribution of arsenic contributes to regional variations, creating discrimination related to arsenic enrichment and carcinogenic risk. Here, we have analyzed 2,737 groundwater samples across...

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Main Authors: Xin Liu, Fu-Jun Yue, Wei Wen Wong, Shao-Chong Lin, Tian-Li Guo, Si-Liang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Environment International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001862
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author Xin Liu
Fu-Jun Yue
Wei Wen Wong
Shao-Chong Lin
Tian-Li Guo
Si-Liang Li
author_facet Xin Liu
Fu-Jun Yue
Wei Wen Wong
Shao-Chong Lin
Tian-Li Guo
Si-Liang Li
author_sort Xin Liu
collection DOAJ
description Arsenic (As) contamination is considered a major threat to groundwater quality and human health. The uneven distribution of arsenic contributes to regional variations, creating discrimination related to arsenic enrichment and carcinogenic risk. Here, we have analyzed 2,737 groundwater samples across China, which spans a broad range of geo-environments, climates and land use types. We find that regional inequality of groundwater arsenic concentration is caused by ontology environment. By mapping the groundwater arsenic distribution across China and conducting a global meta-analysis, the spatial response of arsenic concentration to different cancer risks was revealed, and neglected As(V) should be given attention. A random forest analysis identified chemical properties (including oxidation–reduction potential, pH, total manganese ion, total iron ion, total dissolved solids, and sulfate ion) as the most influential drivers, contributing 56% to the model’s explanatory power, followed by geographical factors at 28%, climatic factors at 10%, and human activities at 6%. Additionally, reducing the proportion of groundwater supply with high arsenic concentration in drinking water in regions without water treatment may help lower the potential carcinogenic risk. This study emphasizes the potential health risk associated with high arsenic groundwater, making it particularly important to roll out efficient water purification technologies given the natural enrichment of arsenic, especially rural regions.
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issn 0160-4120
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Environment International
spelling doaj-art-ae91e6e00a82433195af0bc2dff1fcec2025-08-20T02:12:10ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-04-0119810943510.1016/j.envint.2025.109435Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisisXin Liu0Fu-Jun Yue1Wei Wen Wong2Shao-Chong Lin3Tian-Li Guo4Si-Liang Li5Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, AustraliaInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Corresponding author.Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, AustraliaCollege of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaArsenic (As) contamination is considered a major threat to groundwater quality and human health. The uneven distribution of arsenic contributes to regional variations, creating discrimination related to arsenic enrichment and carcinogenic risk. Here, we have analyzed 2,737 groundwater samples across China, which spans a broad range of geo-environments, climates and land use types. We find that regional inequality of groundwater arsenic concentration is caused by ontology environment. By mapping the groundwater arsenic distribution across China and conducting a global meta-analysis, the spatial response of arsenic concentration to different cancer risks was revealed, and neglected As(V) should be given attention. A random forest analysis identified chemical properties (including oxidation–reduction potential, pH, total manganese ion, total iron ion, total dissolved solids, and sulfate ion) as the most influential drivers, contributing 56% to the model’s explanatory power, followed by geographical factors at 28%, climatic factors at 10%, and human activities at 6%. Additionally, reducing the proportion of groundwater supply with high arsenic concentration in drinking water in regions without water treatment may help lower the potential carcinogenic risk. This study emphasizes the potential health risk associated with high arsenic groundwater, making it particularly important to roll out efficient water purification technologies given the natural enrichment of arsenic, especially rural regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001862GroundwaterArsenicCarcinogenic riskMachine learningEnvironmental management
spellingShingle Xin Liu
Fu-Jun Yue
Wei Wen Wong
Shao-Chong Lin
Tian-Li Guo
Si-Liang Li
Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
Environment International
Groundwater
Arsenic
Carcinogenic risk
Machine learning
Environmental management
title Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
title_full Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
title_fullStr Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
title_full_unstemmed Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
title_short Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis
title_sort arsenic toxicity exacerbates china s groundwater and health crisis
topic Groundwater
Arsenic
Carcinogenic risk
Machine learning
Environmental management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001862
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AT weiwenwong arsenictoxicityexacerbateschinasgroundwaterandhealthcrisis
AT shaochonglin arsenictoxicityexacerbateschinasgroundwaterandhealthcrisis
AT tianliguo arsenictoxicityexacerbateschinasgroundwaterandhealthcrisis
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