Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.

Contrary to the widespread notion that linguistic signs are arbitrary, researchers have consistently demonstrated the existence of sound symbolism in language, providing evidence for non-arbitrariness in sound-meaning associations. However, much evidence of this kind is based on a limited subset of...

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Main Authors: Yingying Meng, Yuwei Wan, Chunyu Kit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322044
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author Yingying Meng
Yuwei Wan
Chunyu Kit
author_facet Yingying Meng
Yuwei Wan
Chunyu Kit
author_sort Yingying Meng
collection DOAJ
description Contrary to the widespread notion that linguistic signs are arbitrary, researchers have consistently demonstrated the existence of sound symbolism in language, providing evidence for non-arbitrariness in sound-meaning associations. However, much evidence of this kind is based on a limited subset of vocabulary and falls short of systematically demonstrating the pervasive nature of sound symbolism and, especially, its central, rather than marginal, role in language. Furthermore, a historical perspective is lacking to determine whether sound symbolism is merely a feature of archaic languages or has remained a significant element throughout the evolution of languages. This research pioneers a diachronic analysis of sound symbolism in Chinese using historical rhyme books to trace its presence on the vocabulary scale. Employing natural language processing techniques along with statistical methods, it investigates whether phonologically related Chinese characters, as documented in rhyme books, also demonstrate semantic congruence, which would suggest that the phonological aspects of characters are inherently meaningful and hence indicate a systematic, rather than random or purely arbitrary relationship between sounds and meanings. Statistically significant results from our analysis of all four analyzed rhyme books confirm the robustness of sound symbolism over a large span of the Chinese language continuum, and a granular analysis of a representative one of them further reveals that sound symbolism is manifest across various levels of phonological organization, including initials, finals, etc. This study initiates an innovative combination of traditional materials with novel techniques to enrich and expand existing knowledge about sound symbolism, providing both methodological advancement and empirical insights.
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spelling doaj-art-ae8a101cfe9f49969e2ac465154a8e8a2025-08-20T03:13:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01205e032204410.1371/journal.pone.0322044Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.Yingying MengYuwei WanChunyu KitContrary to the widespread notion that linguistic signs are arbitrary, researchers have consistently demonstrated the existence of sound symbolism in language, providing evidence for non-arbitrariness in sound-meaning associations. However, much evidence of this kind is based on a limited subset of vocabulary and falls short of systematically demonstrating the pervasive nature of sound symbolism and, especially, its central, rather than marginal, role in language. Furthermore, a historical perspective is lacking to determine whether sound symbolism is merely a feature of archaic languages or has remained a significant element throughout the evolution of languages. This research pioneers a diachronic analysis of sound symbolism in Chinese using historical rhyme books to trace its presence on the vocabulary scale. Employing natural language processing techniques along with statistical methods, it investigates whether phonologically related Chinese characters, as documented in rhyme books, also demonstrate semantic congruence, which would suggest that the phonological aspects of characters are inherently meaningful and hence indicate a systematic, rather than random or purely arbitrary relationship between sounds and meanings. Statistically significant results from our analysis of all four analyzed rhyme books confirm the robustness of sound symbolism over a large span of the Chinese language continuum, and a granular analysis of a representative one of them further reveals that sound symbolism is manifest across various levels of phonological organization, including initials, finals, etc. This study initiates an innovative combination of traditional materials with novel techniques to enrich and expand existing knowledge about sound symbolism, providing both methodological advancement and empirical insights.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322044
spellingShingle Yingying Meng
Yuwei Wan
Chunyu Kit
Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
PLoS ONE
title Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
title_full Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
title_fullStr Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
title_full_unstemmed Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
title_short Sound symbolism is not "marginal" in Chinese: Evidence from diachronic rhyme books.
title_sort sound symbolism is not marginal in chinese evidence from diachronic rhyme books
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322044
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