An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders
A protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This process depends on catalytic enzymes such as peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs). This modification leads to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7592851 |
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| author | Mohammed Alghamdi Doaa Alasmari Amjad Assiri Ehab Mattar Abdullah A. Aljaddawi Sana G. Alattas Elrashdy M. Redwan |
| author_facet | Mohammed Alghamdi Doaa Alasmari Amjad Assiri Ehab Mattar Abdullah A. Aljaddawi Sana G. Alattas Elrashdy M. Redwan |
| author_sort | Mohammed Alghamdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This process depends on catalytic enzymes such as peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs). This modification leads to a charge shift, which affects the protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and hydrogen bond formation, and it may cause protein denaturation. The irreversible citrullination reaction is not limited to a specific protein, cell, or tissue. It can target a wide range of proteins in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Citrullination is a normal reaction during cell death. Apoptosis is normally accompanied with a clearance process via scavenger cells. A defect in the clearance system either in terms of efficiency or capacity may occur due to massive cell death, which may result in the accumulation and leakage of PAD enzymes and the citrullinated peptide from the necrotized cell which could be recognized by the immune system, where the immunological tolerance will be avoided and the autoimmune disorders will be subsequently triggered. The induction of autoimmune responses, autoantibody production, and cytokines involved in the major autoimmune diseases will be discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ae847b8b7b204fae885eb1e404384171 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ae847b8b7b204fae885eb1e4043841712025-02-03T01:11:44ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562019-01-01201910.1155/2019/75928517592851An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune DisordersMohammed Alghamdi0Doaa Alasmari1Amjad Assiri2Ehab Mattar3Abdullah A. Aljaddawi4Sana G. Alattas5Elrashdy M. Redwan6Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaA protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This process depends on catalytic enzymes such as peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs). This modification leads to a charge shift, which affects the protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and hydrogen bond formation, and it may cause protein denaturation. The irreversible citrullination reaction is not limited to a specific protein, cell, or tissue. It can target a wide range of proteins in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Citrullination is a normal reaction during cell death. Apoptosis is normally accompanied with a clearance process via scavenger cells. A defect in the clearance system either in terms of efficiency or capacity may occur due to massive cell death, which may result in the accumulation and leakage of PAD enzymes and the citrullinated peptide from the necrotized cell which could be recognized by the immune system, where the immunological tolerance will be avoided and the autoimmune disorders will be subsequently triggered. The induction of autoimmune responses, autoantibody production, and cytokines involved in the major autoimmune diseases will be discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7592851 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Alghamdi Doaa Alasmari Amjad Assiri Ehab Mattar Abdullah A. Aljaddawi Sana G. Alattas Elrashdy M. Redwan An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders |
| title_full | An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders |
| title_short | An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders |
| title_sort | overview of the intrinsic role of citrullination in autoimmune disorders |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7592851 |
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