Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers
<b>Background</b>: Cellular and humoral immunity are key to the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, but the comparability and correlation across different assays remain underexplored. This study compares three T-cell and three antibody assays in two vaccine groups. <b>Methods</b...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Hyeyoung Lee Geon Young Ko Jihyun Lee Hyunjoo Bae Ji Hyeong Ryu Jin Jung Hyunhye Kang Raeseok Lee Dong-Gun Lee Eun-Jee Oh |
| author_facet | Hyeyoung Lee Geon Young Ko Jihyun Lee Hyunjoo Bae Ji Hyeong Ryu Jin Jung Hyunhye Kang Raeseok Lee Dong-Gun Lee Eun-Jee Oh |
| author_sort | Hyeyoung Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Cellular and humoral immunity are key to the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, but the comparability and correlation across different assays remain underexplored. This study compares three T-cell and three antibody assays in two vaccine groups. <b>Methods</b>: This prospective longitudinal cohort study involved 46 naïve healthcare workers: a total of 11 in the homologous mRNA-1273 group (three doses) and 35 in the heterologous ChAd group (two ChAd doses followed by a BNT booster). Blood samples were collected at five time points. Cellular immunity was assessed using ELISPOT and two commercial interferon-gamma release assays: (IGRA)-QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 (QF) and Covi-FERON ELISA (CoVF). Humoral immunity was evaluated using total and IgG antibody assays and a surrogate virus neutralization test. <b>Results</b>: The mRNA-1273 group exhibited stronger and more consistent responses than the ChAd group. The correlations between ELISPOT and IGRA varied from weak to moderate (ρ = 0.300–0.410), while QF-IGRA and CoVF-IGRA showed stronger correlations (ρ = 0.700–0.737). The ELISPOT assay showed substantial agreement with QF [Ag2]-IGRA (k = 0.697–0.774) and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA (k = 0.641–0.718), and an 80.4% agreement rate (k = 0.608) was found between the QF [Ag2]- and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA tests. Three antibody assays demonstrated very strong correlations with each other and substantial to near-perfect agreement with ELISPOT (k = 0.866–0.949), QF [Ag2]-IGRA (k = 0.807–0.831), and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA (k = 0.753–0.777). <b>Conclusions</b>: SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and antibody responses vary by platform and vaccine type, highlighting the importance of measuring both T-cell and B-cell responses using multiple assays to comprehensively assess immune status. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ae838af38f0c4c678b2b4ceb6be9b184 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-ae838af38f0c4c678b2b4ceb6be9b1842025-08-20T02:56:55ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-11-011212135010.3390/vaccines12121350Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare WorkersHyeyoung Lee0Geon Young Ko1Jihyun Lee2Hyunjoo Bae3Ji Hyeong Ryu4Jin Jung5Hyunhye Kang6Raeseok Lee7Dong-Gun Lee8Eun-Jee Oh9Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea<b>Background</b>: Cellular and humoral immunity are key to the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, but the comparability and correlation across different assays remain underexplored. This study compares three T-cell and three antibody assays in two vaccine groups. <b>Methods</b>: This prospective longitudinal cohort study involved 46 naïve healthcare workers: a total of 11 in the homologous mRNA-1273 group (three doses) and 35 in the heterologous ChAd group (two ChAd doses followed by a BNT booster). Blood samples were collected at five time points. Cellular immunity was assessed using ELISPOT and two commercial interferon-gamma release assays: (IGRA)-QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 (QF) and Covi-FERON ELISA (CoVF). Humoral immunity was evaluated using total and IgG antibody assays and a surrogate virus neutralization test. <b>Results</b>: The mRNA-1273 group exhibited stronger and more consistent responses than the ChAd group. The correlations between ELISPOT and IGRA varied from weak to moderate (ρ = 0.300–0.410), while QF-IGRA and CoVF-IGRA showed stronger correlations (ρ = 0.700–0.737). The ELISPOT assay showed substantial agreement with QF [Ag2]-IGRA (k = 0.697–0.774) and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA (k = 0.641–0.718), and an 80.4% agreement rate (k = 0.608) was found between the QF [Ag2]- and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA tests. Three antibody assays demonstrated very strong correlations with each other and substantial to near-perfect agreement with ELISPOT (k = 0.866–0.949), QF [Ag2]-IGRA (k = 0.807–0.831), and CoVF [O-sp]-IGRA (k = 0.753–0.777). <b>Conclusions</b>: SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and antibody responses vary by platform and vaccine type, highlighting the importance of measuring both T-cell and B-cell responses using multiple assays to comprehensively assess immune status.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1350SARS-CoV-2vaccineELISPOTinterferon-gamma release assaycellular responsehumoral response |
| spellingShingle | Hyeyoung Lee Geon Young Ko Jihyun Lee Hyunjoo Bae Ji Hyeong Ryu Jin Jung Hyunhye Kang Raeseok Lee Dong-Gun Lee Eun-Jee Oh Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ELISPOT interferon-gamma release assay cellular response humoral response |
| title | Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers |
| title_full | Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers |
| title_short | Longitudinal Comparison of Three T-Cell Assays and Three Antibody Assays Against SARS-CoV-2 Following Homologous mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 and Heterologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naïve Healthcare Workers |
| title_sort | longitudinal comparison of three t cell assays and three antibody assays against sars cov 2 following homologous mrna 1273 mrna 1273 mrna 1273 and heterologous chadox1 chadox1 bnt162b2 vaccination a prospective cohort in naive healthcare workers |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ELISPOT interferon-gamma release assay cellular response humoral response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1350 |
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