Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia

Detecting and responding to fluctuations in fatty acid levels is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of fatty acid metabolism. This study examined changes in neuropeptide levels and fatty acid sensing systems in tilapia following 24-hour fasting. Subsequently, an EPA compensation experiment was...

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Main Authors: Xiaozheng Yu, Tiansheng Zhu, Yang Yu, Ran Cai, Meiqing Li, Caiyun Sun, Wensheng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585216/full
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author Xiaozheng Yu
Xiaozheng Yu
Tiansheng Zhu
Tiansheng Zhu
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Ran Cai
Ran Cai
Meiqing Li
Meiqing Li
Caiyun Sun
Caiyun Sun
Wensheng Li
Wensheng Li
author_facet Xiaozheng Yu
Xiaozheng Yu
Tiansheng Zhu
Tiansheng Zhu
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Ran Cai
Ran Cai
Meiqing Li
Meiqing Li
Caiyun Sun
Caiyun Sun
Wensheng Li
Wensheng Li
author_sort Xiaozheng Yu
collection DOAJ
description Detecting and responding to fluctuations in fatty acid levels is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of fatty acid metabolism. This study examined changes in neuropeptide levels and fatty acid sensing systems in tilapia following 24-hour fasting. Subsequently, an EPA compensation experiment was conducted to examine the regulatory effects of hypothalamic neuropeptides on feeding activity, fatty acid sensing systems activation, and alterations in AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in tilapia. After fasting, the neuropeptide Y signals in the preglomerular nucleus region increased significantly, while the POMC in the lateral tuberal nucleus significantly decreased. There was a significant increase in most long-chain fatty acids, excluding the EPA which declined. Fasting activates fatty acid sensing systems regulated by fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial activity in the hypothalamus, and those regulated by CD36, mitochondrial activity and PKC in the liver. However, it inhibited systems regulated by fatty acid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase in the liver. Intraperitoneal EPA injection raised pomc mRNA levels in the hypothalamus after short-term fasting and curtailed food intake. EPA compensation inhibited the liver fatty acid metabolism, CD36, and mitochondrial activity-related fatty acid sensing systems, and lipoprotein lipase-regulated fatty acid sensing systems in the hypothalamus while activating lipoprotein lipase-regulated fatty acid sensing systems in the liver. Moreover, EPA suppressed the AMPK pathway in both tissues. Following fasting, serum EPA levels decreased, accompanied by lower POMC in the brain and activation of the fatty acid sensing systems in hypothalamus and liver. EPA compensation inhibited the AMPK pathway, increased pomc mRNA in the hypothalamus and suppressed food intake as a satiation factor. This research offers insights into how the central nervous system and peripheral tissues respond to fatty acid levels during hunger in tilapia.
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spelling doaj-art-ae7b3213815342c29da9b8677dbd7de52025-08-20T03:53:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-05-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15852161585216Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapiaXiaozheng Yu0Xiaozheng Yu1Tiansheng Zhu2Tiansheng Zhu3Yang Yu4Yang Yu5Ran Cai6Ran Cai7Meiqing Li8Meiqing Li9Caiyun Sun10Caiyun Sun11Wensheng Li12Wensheng Li13State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDetecting and responding to fluctuations in fatty acid levels is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of fatty acid metabolism. This study examined changes in neuropeptide levels and fatty acid sensing systems in tilapia following 24-hour fasting. Subsequently, an EPA compensation experiment was conducted to examine the regulatory effects of hypothalamic neuropeptides on feeding activity, fatty acid sensing systems activation, and alterations in AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in tilapia. After fasting, the neuropeptide Y signals in the preglomerular nucleus region increased significantly, while the POMC in the lateral tuberal nucleus significantly decreased. There was a significant increase in most long-chain fatty acids, excluding the EPA which declined. Fasting activates fatty acid sensing systems regulated by fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial activity in the hypothalamus, and those regulated by CD36, mitochondrial activity and PKC in the liver. However, it inhibited systems regulated by fatty acid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase in the liver. Intraperitoneal EPA injection raised pomc mRNA levels in the hypothalamus after short-term fasting and curtailed food intake. EPA compensation inhibited the liver fatty acid metabolism, CD36, and mitochondrial activity-related fatty acid sensing systems, and lipoprotein lipase-regulated fatty acid sensing systems in the hypothalamus while activating lipoprotein lipase-regulated fatty acid sensing systems in the liver. Moreover, EPA suppressed the AMPK pathway in both tissues. Following fasting, serum EPA levels decreased, accompanied by lower POMC in the brain and activation of the fatty acid sensing systems in hypothalamus and liver. EPA compensation inhibited the AMPK pathway, increased pomc mRNA in the hypothalamus and suppressed food intake as a satiation factor. This research offers insights into how the central nervous system and peripheral tissues respond to fatty acid levels during hunger in tilapia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585216/fullshort-term fastingPOMCEPAfatty acid sensing systemtilapia
spellingShingle Xiaozheng Yu
Xiaozheng Yu
Tiansheng Zhu
Tiansheng Zhu
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Ran Cai
Ran Cai
Meiqing Li
Meiqing Li
Caiyun Sun
Caiyun Sun
Wensheng Li
Wensheng Li
Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
Frontiers in Endocrinology
short-term fasting
POMC
EPA
fatty acid sensing system
tilapia
title Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
title_full Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
title_fullStr Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
title_full_unstemmed Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
title_short Fatty acid metabolism after short-term fasting: POMC response and EPA signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
title_sort fatty acid metabolism after short term fasting pomc response and epa signal maintain homeostasis in tilapia
topic short-term fasting
POMC
EPA
fatty acid sensing system
tilapia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585216/full
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