The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces

This study explores the history and current state of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), focusing on non-invasive, EEG-based devices. BCIs have evolved from early studies in neurophysiology to real-world applications that convert brain impulses into executable commands. The study discusses the two mai...

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Main Authors: Frederico Caiado, Arkadiy Ukolov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590093525000049
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author Frederico Caiado
Arkadiy Ukolov
author_facet Frederico Caiado
Arkadiy Ukolov
author_sort Frederico Caiado
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the history and current state of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), focusing on non-invasive, EEG-based devices. BCIs have evolved from early studies in neurophysiology to real-world applications that convert brain impulses into executable commands. The study discusses the two main categories of BCIs: invasive and non-invasive, highlighting their benefits and limitations. Invasive BCIs provide precise signals but carry higher risks and ethical concerns, while non-invasive BCIs are safer but face challenges with signal deterioration and external noise. The study also evaluates the potential of wider use and availability of non-invasive interfaces by analysing their existing capabilities, limits, and potential future developments. Solutions to overcome technological and ethical challenges are explored to improve usability, user experience, and impact in areas such as healthcare, rehabilitation, entertainment, and cognitive enhancement.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices
spelling doaj-art-ae739a85a8a1460a97b116644a2a385c2025-02-07T04:48:11ZengElsevierMedicine in Novel Technology and Devices2590-09352025-03-0125100353The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfacesFrederico Caiado0Arkadiy Ukolov1King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United KingdomCorresponding author.; King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United KingdomThis study explores the history and current state of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), focusing on non-invasive, EEG-based devices. BCIs have evolved from early studies in neurophysiology to real-world applications that convert brain impulses into executable commands. The study discusses the two main categories of BCIs: invasive and non-invasive, highlighting their benefits and limitations. Invasive BCIs provide precise signals but carry higher risks and ethical concerns, while non-invasive BCIs are safer but face challenges with signal deterioration and external noise. The study also evaluates the potential of wider use and availability of non-invasive interfaces by analysing their existing capabilities, limits, and potential future developments. Solutions to overcome technological and ethical challenges are explored to improve usability, user experience, and impact in areas such as healthcare, rehabilitation, entertainment, and cognitive enhancement.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590093525000049Brain-computer interface (BCI)InvasiveNon-invasiveElectroencephalography (EEG)Electrode10–20 system
spellingShingle Frederico Caiado
Arkadiy Ukolov
The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices
Brain-computer interface (BCI)
Invasive
Non-invasive
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrode
10–20 system
title The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
title_full The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
title_fullStr The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
title_full_unstemmed The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
title_short The history, current state and future possibilities of the non-invasive brain computer interfaces
title_sort history current state and future possibilities of the non invasive brain computer interfaces
topic Brain-computer interface (BCI)
Invasive
Non-invasive
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrode
10–20 system
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590093525000049
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