Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing

Introduction: Penicillium marneffei is one of the most common opportunistic infectious fungi associated with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It is prevalent in Southeast Asia and southern China (such as Guangdong), but rare in inland provinces of China. Penicillium marneffei infections a...

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Main Authors: Dongli Liu, Lin Ma, Lingfeng Mao, Yiqun Wang, Long Ding, Anli Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2022-03-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15348
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author Dongli Liu
Lin Ma
Lingfeng Mao
Yiqun Wang
Long Ding
Anli Wang
author_facet Dongli Liu
Lin Ma
Lingfeng Mao
Yiqun Wang
Long Ding
Anli Wang
author_sort Dongli Liu
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Penicillium marneffei is one of the most common opportunistic infectious fungi associated with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It is prevalent in Southeast Asia and southern China (such as Guangdong), but rare in inland provinces of China. Penicillium marneffei infections are often misdiagnosed. Case Report: Here, we report a patient with Penicillium marneffei infection from Shaanxi Province, China, who was previously repeatedly diagnosed as Kala-azar in two hospitals. The patient received medical treatment due to fever and multiple papules, worked as a tour guide, and had travel history in Southeast Asian countries. We performed nanopore genome sequencing on blood samples of the patient and obtained 84,000 reads in 3.5 hours. The average length of the sequences was 7088.7 bases and the longest sequence was 87471 bases. Through comparison with the pathogenic bacteria database, 13 homologous Penicillium marneffei sequences were identified. Furthermore, by using specific quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction of Penicillium marneffei, fungal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing, and fungal biphasic culture, we further confirmed the pathogen as Penicillium marneffei. Meanwhile, the patient was confirmed to be HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) positive. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with AIDS combined with Penicillium marneffei infection, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi Province, China. Conclusions: Metagenomic analysis based on nanopore sequencing provides an important reference for the diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection in this case.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-ae6e79aba187466281d01ca5aa170f112025-08-20T03:52:42ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802022-03-01160310.3855/jidc.15348Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencingDongli Liu0Lin Ma1Lingfeng Mao2Yiqun Wang3Long Ding4Anli Wang5Institute of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, ChinaHangzhou Baocheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, ChinaWangfeng Health Center, Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, Hancheng, ChinaDepartment of Infection, the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China Introduction: Penicillium marneffei is one of the most common opportunistic infectious fungi associated with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It is prevalent in Southeast Asia and southern China (such as Guangdong), but rare in inland provinces of China. Penicillium marneffei infections are often misdiagnosed. Case Report: Here, we report a patient with Penicillium marneffei infection from Shaanxi Province, China, who was previously repeatedly diagnosed as Kala-azar in two hospitals. The patient received medical treatment due to fever and multiple papules, worked as a tour guide, and had travel history in Southeast Asian countries. We performed nanopore genome sequencing on blood samples of the patient and obtained 84,000 reads in 3.5 hours. The average length of the sequences was 7088.7 bases and the longest sequence was 87471 bases. Through comparison with the pathogenic bacteria database, 13 homologous Penicillium marneffei sequences were identified. Furthermore, by using specific quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction of Penicillium marneffei, fungal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing, and fungal biphasic culture, we further confirmed the pathogen as Penicillium marneffei. Meanwhile, the patient was confirmed to be HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) positive. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with AIDS combined with Penicillium marneffei infection, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi Province, China. Conclusions: Metagenomic analysis based on nanopore sequencing provides an important reference for the diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection in this case. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15348NanoporemetagenomicsPenicillium marneffeiITS
spellingShingle Dongli Liu
Lin Ma
Lingfeng Mao
Yiqun Wang
Long Ding
Anli Wang
Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Nanopore
metagenomics
Penicillium marneffei
ITS
title Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
title_full Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
title_fullStr Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
title_full_unstemmed Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
title_short Identification of the first case of Penicillium marneffei infection in Shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
title_sort identification of the first case of penicillium marneffei infection in shaanxi province by nanopore sequencing
topic Nanopore
metagenomics
Penicillium marneffei
ITS
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15348
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