YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds

Citrus diseases can lead to surface defects on citrus fruits, adversely affecting their quality. This study aims to accurately identify citrus defects against varying backgrounds by focusing on four types of diseases: citrus black spot, citrus canker, citrus greening, and citrus melanose. We propose...

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Main Authors: Lun Wang, Rong Ye, Youqing Chen, Tong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1990
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author Lun Wang
Rong Ye
Youqing Chen
Tong Li
author_facet Lun Wang
Rong Ye
Youqing Chen
Tong Li
author_sort Lun Wang
collection DOAJ
description Citrus diseases can lead to surface defects on citrus fruits, adversely affecting their quality. This study aims to accurately identify citrus defects against varying backgrounds by focusing on four types of diseases: citrus black spot, citrus canker, citrus greening, and citrus melanose. We propose an improved YOLOv10-based disease detection method that replaces the traditional convolutional layers in the Backbone network with LDConv to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, we introduce the GFPN module to strengthen multi-scale information interaction through cross-scale feature fusion, thereby improving detection accuracy for small-target diseases. The incorporation of the DAT mechanism is designed to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in handling complex visual tasks. Furthermore, we integrate the AFPN module to enhance the model’s detection capability for targets of varying scales. Lastly, we employ the Slide Loss function to adaptively adjust sample weights, focusing on hard-to-detect samples such as blurred features and subtle lesions in citrus disease images, effectively alleviating issues related to sample imbalance. The experimental results indicate that the enhanced model YOLOv10-LGDA achieves impressive performance metrics in citrus disease detection, with accuracy, recall, mAP@50, and mAP@50:95 rates of 98.7%, 95.9%, 97.7%, and 94%, respectively. These results represent improvements of 4.2%, 3.8%, 4.5%, and 2.4% compared to the original YOLOv10 model. Furthermore, when compared to various other object detection algorithms, YOLOv10-LGDA demonstrates superior recognition accuracy, facilitating precise identification of citrus diseases. This advancement provides substantial technical support for enhancing the quality of citrus fruit and ensuring the sustainable development of the industry.
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spelling doaj-art-ae683f246ed443b79ee4fefc04e79cac2025-08-20T02:36:28ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011413199010.3390/plants14131990YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse BackgroundsLun Wang0Rong Ye1Youqing Chen2Tong Li3College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaThe Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaThe Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCitrus diseases can lead to surface defects on citrus fruits, adversely affecting their quality. This study aims to accurately identify citrus defects against varying backgrounds by focusing on four types of diseases: citrus black spot, citrus canker, citrus greening, and citrus melanose. We propose an improved YOLOv10-based disease detection method that replaces the traditional convolutional layers in the Backbone network with LDConv to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, we introduce the GFPN module to strengthen multi-scale information interaction through cross-scale feature fusion, thereby improving detection accuracy for small-target diseases. The incorporation of the DAT mechanism is designed to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in handling complex visual tasks. Furthermore, we integrate the AFPN module to enhance the model’s detection capability for targets of varying scales. Lastly, we employ the Slide Loss function to adaptively adjust sample weights, focusing on hard-to-detect samples such as blurred features and subtle lesions in citrus disease images, effectively alleviating issues related to sample imbalance. The experimental results indicate that the enhanced model YOLOv10-LGDA achieves impressive performance metrics in citrus disease detection, with accuracy, recall, mAP@50, and mAP@50:95 rates of 98.7%, 95.9%, 97.7%, and 94%, respectively. These results represent improvements of 4.2%, 3.8%, 4.5%, and 2.4% compared to the original YOLOv10 model. Furthermore, when compared to various other object detection algorithms, YOLOv10-LGDA demonstrates superior recognition accuracy, facilitating precise identification of citrus diseases. This advancement provides substantial technical support for enhancing the quality of citrus fruit and ensuring the sustainable development of the industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1990YOLOv10citrus defectsobject detectionLDConvprecision crop protection
spellingShingle Lun Wang
Rong Ye
Youqing Chen
Tong Li
YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
Plants
YOLOv10
citrus defects
object detection
LDConv
precision crop protection
title YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
title_full YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
title_fullStr YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
title_full_unstemmed YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
title_short YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds
title_sort yolov10 lgda an improved algorithm for defect detection in citrus fruits across diverse backgrounds
topic YOLOv10
citrus defects
object detection
LDConv
precision crop protection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1990
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AT youqingchen yolov10lgdaanimprovedalgorithmfordefectdetectionincitrusfruitsacrossdiversebackgrounds
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