Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar
Millimeter-wave antennas have become more important recently due to the diversity of applications in 5G and upcoming 6G technologies, of which automotive systems constitute a significant part. Two crucial indices, detection range and angular resolution, are used to distinguish the performance of the...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3262 |
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| author | Chin-Hsien Wu Tsun-Che Huang Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn |
| author_facet | Chin-Hsien Wu Tsun-Che Huang Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn |
| author_sort | Chin-Hsien Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Millimeter-wave antennas have become more important recently due to the diversity of applications in 5G and upcoming 6G technologies, of which automotive systems constitute a significant part. Two crucial indices, detection range and angular resolution, are used to distinguish the performance of the automotive antenna. Strong gains and narrow beamwidths of highly directive radiation beams afford longer detection range and finer spatial selectivity. Although conventionally used, patch antennas suffer from intrinsic path losses that are much higher when compared to the waveguide antenna. Designed at 77 GHz, presented in this article is an 8-element slot array on the narrow side wall of a rectangular waveguide, thus being readily extendable to planar arrays by adding others alongside while maintaining the element spacing requirement for grating lobe avoidance. Comprising tilted Z-shaped slots for higher gain while keeping constrained within the narrow wall, adjacent ones separated by half the guided wavelength are inclined with reversed tilt angles for cross-polar cancelation. An open-ended external waveguide is placed over each slot for polarization purification. Equivalent circuit models of slotted waveguides aid the design. An approach for sidelobe suppression using the Chebyshev distribution is adopted. Four types of arrays are proposed, all of which show potential for different demands and applications in automotive radar. Prototypes based on designs by simulations were fabricated and measured. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ae560ff09776444293a1d498c568ca01 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-ae560ff09776444293a1d498c568ca012025-08-20T03:46:50ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511326210.3390/s25113262Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution RadarChin-Hsien Wu0Tsun-Che Huang1Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn2Wistron NeWeb Corporation, Hsinchu 300092, TaiwanWistron NeWeb Corporation, Hsinchu 300092, TaiwanInstitute of Communications Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, TaiwanMillimeter-wave antennas have become more important recently due to the diversity of applications in 5G and upcoming 6G technologies, of which automotive systems constitute a significant part. Two crucial indices, detection range and angular resolution, are used to distinguish the performance of the automotive antenna. Strong gains and narrow beamwidths of highly directive radiation beams afford longer detection range and finer spatial selectivity. Although conventionally used, patch antennas suffer from intrinsic path losses that are much higher when compared to the waveguide antenna. Designed at 77 GHz, presented in this article is an 8-element slot array on the narrow side wall of a rectangular waveguide, thus being readily extendable to planar arrays by adding others alongside while maintaining the element spacing requirement for grating lobe avoidance. Comprising tilted Z-shaped slots for higher gain while keeping constrained within the narrow wall, adjacent ones separated by half the guided wavelength are inclined with reversed tilt angles for cross-polar cancelation. An open-ended external waveguide is placed over each slot for polarization purification. Equivalent circuit models of slotted waveguides aid the design. An approach for sidelobe suppression using the Chebyshev distribution is adopted. Four types of arrays are proposed, all of which show potential for different demands and applications in automotive radar. Prototypes based on designs by simulations were fabricated and measured.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3262millimeter-wavenarrow-wall slotsopen-ended waveguideslotted waveguide antenna |
| spellingShingle | Chin-Hsien Wu Tsun-Che Huang Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar Sensors millimeter-wave narrow-wall slots open-ended waveguide slotted waveguide antenna |
| title | Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar |
| title_full | Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar |
| title_fullStr | Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar |
| title_short | Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar |
| title_sort | compact waveguide antenna design for 77 ghz high resolution radar |
| topic | millimeter-wave narrow-wall slots open-ended waveguide slotted waveguide antenna |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3262 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chinhsienwu compactwaveguideantennadesignfor77ghzhighresolutionradar AT tsunchehuang compactwaveguideantennadesignfor77ghzhighresolutionradar AT malcolmngmoukehn compactwaveguideantennadesignfor77ghzhighresolutionradar |