Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development

The COVID-19 pandemic had global reach and widespread effect, particularly concerning food security. As food supply chains become disrupted, food producers struggle to access markets. Thus, there is a need to examine the factors affecting the food security of agri-food system actors, particularly sm...

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Main Authors: Francis Levi Durano, Jon Marx Sarmiento, Glory Dee A. Romo, Geraliza D. Wahing, Adonis M. Traje, Derek Baker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003211
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author Francis Levi Durano
Jon Marx Sarmiento
Glory Dee A. Romo
Geraliza D. Wahing
Adonis M. Traje
Derek Baker
author_facet Francis Levi Durano
Jon Marx Sarmiento
Glory Dee A. Romo
Geraliza D. Wahing
Adonis M. Traje
Derek Baker
author_sort Francis Levi Durano
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 pandemic had global reach and widespread effect, particularly concerning food security. As food supply chains become disrupted, food producers struggle to access markets. Thus, there is a need to examine the factors affecting the food security of agri-food system actors, particularly smallholder farmers in the Philippines. Utilizing the eight-question survey module of the FAO's Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and questions regarding their socio-demographic profile, 215 agri-food system actors including smallholder farmers, processors, logistic providers, and traders were surveyed from February to May 2021. An ordered probit regression was used to determine the factors affecting the severity of the food insecurity of agri-food system actors. Smallholder farmers, larger households, and Indigenous Peoples' groups experience an increase in food insecurity. Conversely, the determinants of reduced severity of food insecurity include other agri-food system actors, reporting profitability during the COVID-19 lockdown period, older age, being married, having more employed household members, and having savings. Results reflect farmers being among the severely impacted sectors during the pandemic. The findings shed light on several resilience and post-pandemic implications to sustainable development, such as designing resilient food systems by securing farmers' access to inputs and markets and improving their profitability. Furthermore, there is a need to transform current food systems into being more inclusive by targeting younger farmers, Indigenous Peoples' groups, and poor farmers having limited means to increase their financial capital to improve food security in rural communities. This study is the first empirical evidence documenting the extent of food insecurity among agri-food system actors during extreme shocks.
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spelling doaj-art-ae4e761043924666ad7aba688f8f64ff2025-08-20T02:35:43ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432024-12-011810128410.1016/j.jafr.2024.101284Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable developmentFrancis Levi Durano0Jon Marx Sarmiento1Glory Dee A. Romo2Geraliza D. Wahing3Adonis M. Traje4Derek Baker5School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines; Corresponding author.School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesSchool of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesSchool of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesSchool of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesUNE Centre for Agribusiness, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, AustraliaThe COVID-19 pandemic had global reach and widespread effect, particularly concerning food security. As food supply chains become disrupted, food producers struggle to access markets. Thus, there is a need to examine the factors affecting the food security of agri-food system actors, particularly smallholder farmers in the Philippines. Utilizing the eight-question survey module of the FAO's Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and questions regarding their socio-demographic profile, 215 agri-food system actors including smallholder farmers, processors, logistic providers, and traders were surveyed from February to May 2021. An ordered probit regression was used to determine the factors affecting the severity of the food insecurity of agri-food system actors. Smallholder farmers, larger households, and Indigenous Peoples' groups experience an increase in food insecurity. Conversely, the determinants of reduced severity of food insecurity include other agri-food system actors, reporting profitability during the COVID-19 lockdown period, older age, being married, having more employed household members, and having savings. Results reflect farmers being among the severely impacted sectors during the pandemic. The findings shed light on several resilience and post-pandemic implications to sustainable development, such as designing resilient food systems by securing farmers' access to inputs and markets and improving their profitability. Furthermore, there is a need to transform current food systems into being more inclusive by targeting younger farmers, Indigenous Peoples' groups, and poor farmers having limited means to increase their financial capital to improve food security in rural communities. This study is the first empirical evidence documenting the extent of food insecurity among agri-food system actors during extreme shocks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003211Agri-food systemsFarmersFood insecurity experience scaleFood securityOrdered probit regressionPhilippines
spellingShingle Francis Levi Durano
Jon Marx Sarmiento
Glory Dee A. Romo
Geraliza D. Wahing
Adonis M. Traje
Derek Baker
Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Agri-food systems
Farmers
Food insecurity experience scale
Food security
Ordered probit regression
Philippines
title Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
title_full Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
title_fullStr Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
title_full_unstemmed Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
title_short Food security of agri-food system actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Post-pandemic implications to sustainable development
title_sort food security of agri food system actors during the covid 19 pandemic in the philippines post pandemic implications to sustainable development
topic Agri-food systems
Farmers
Food insecurity experience scale
Food security
Ordered probit regression
Philippines
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003211
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