Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid

The increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events pose significant threats to power systems, particularly at the distribution level. The most detrimental consequence of such events is observed in critical loads due to high outage costs. As a result, there is a pressing need for utiliti...

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Main Authors: Avishek Sapkota, Rajesh Karki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6973
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author Avishek Sapkota
Rajesh Karki
author_facet Avishek Sapkota
Rajesh Karki
author_sort Avishek Sapkota
collection DOAJ
description The increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events pose significant threats to power systems, particularly at the distribution level. The most detrimental consequence of such events is observed in critical loads due to high outage costs. As a result, there is a pressing need for utilities to invest in enhancing system resilience, which requires a comprehensive resilience investment framework and metrics to evaluate system performance. This paper proposes a distribution system resilience assessment framework to guide strategic investment decisions. The framework incorporates a mathematical model that estimates system restoration time after an extreme event, considering the criticality of loads, the interdependence of component failures and repair sequences, and the availability of repair crews. In addition, two new resilience metrics—disconnected load point hours (DLH) and normalized DLH (NDLH)—are introduced, which provide a more comprehensive view of system resilience by reflecting both vulnerability and the ability to withstand and recover from extreme events. Case studies are performed on a modified IEEE 69-bus test system utilizing the developed framework. The results evaluate the effectiveness of different resilience investment strategies, including infrastructure hardening, distributed energy resources management, and repair process coordination, in improving the system resilience for maintaining the critical loads and the overall distribution system.
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spelling doaj-art-ae4cdc6a9e6040c498d9ddbcdb8104cd2025-08-20T02:35:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513697310.3390/app15136973Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active MicrogridAvishek Sapkota0Rajesh Karki1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, CanadaThe increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events pose significant threats to power systems, particularly at the distribution level. The most detrimental consequence of such events is observed in critical loads due to high outage costs. As a result, there is a pressing need for utilities to invest in enhancing system resilience, which requires a comprehensive resilience investment framework and metrics to evaluate system performance. This paper proposes a distribution system resilience assessment framework to guide strategic investment decisions. The framework incorporates a mathematical model that estimates system restoration time after an extreme event, considering the criticality of loads, the interdependence of component failures and repair sequences, and the availability of repair crews. In addition, two new resilience metrics—disconnected load point hours (DLH) and normalized DLH (NDLH)—are introduced, which provide a more comprehensive view of system resilience by reflecting both vulnerability and the ability to withstand and recover from extreme events. Case studies are performed on a modified IEEE 69-bus test system utilizing the developed framework. The results evaluate the effectiveness of different resilience investment strategies, including infrastructure hardening, distributed energy resources management, and repair process coordination, in improving the system resilience for maintaining the critical loads and the overall distribution system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6973critical loadsDER managementextreme eventsinfrastructure hardeningmicrogridsoptimization
spellingShingle Avishek Sapkota
Rajesh Karki
Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
Applied Sciences
critical loads
DER management
extreme events
infrastructure hardening
microgrids
optimization
title Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
title_full Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
title_fullStr Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
title_full_unstemmed Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
title_short Resilience Investment Against Extreme Weather Events Considering Critical Load Points in an Active Microgrid
title_sort resilience investment against extreme weather events considering critical load points in an active microgrid
topic critical loads
DER management
extreme events
infrastructure hardening
microgrids
optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6973
work_keys_str_mv AT avisheksapkota resilienceinvestmentagainstextremeweathereventsconsideringcriticalloadpointsinanactivemicrogrid
AT rajeshkarki resilienceinvestmentagainstextremeweathereventsconsideringcriticalloadpointsinanactivemicrogrid